Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Budgets of Europe: Trends, Interannual and Spatial Variability, and Their Drivers

作者：Ronny Lauerwald, Ana Bastos, Matthew J. McGrath, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, François Ritter, Robbie M. Andrew, Antoine Berchet, Grégoire Broquet, Dominik Brunner, Frédéric Chevallier, Alessandro Cescatti, Sara Filipek, Audrey Fortems‐Cheiney, Giovanni Forzieri, Pierre Friedlingstein, Richard Fuchs, Christoph Gerbig, Sander Houweling, Piyu Ke, Bas J. W. Lerink, Wanjing Li, Wei Li, Xiaojun Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Guillaume Monteil, Saqr Munassar, G.J. Nabuurs, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Peylin, Julia Pongratz, Pierre Regnier, Marielle Saunois, Mart‐Jan Schelhaas, Marko Scholze, Stephen Sitch, Rona L. Thompson, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Chris Wilson, Jean‐Pierre Wigneron, Karina Winkler, Yitong Yao, Sönke Zaehle, Philippe Ciais · 发表于：Global Biogeochemical Cycles · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1029/2024gb008141 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Climate Change Policy and Economics、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols

Abstract In the framework of the RECCAP2 initiative, we present the greenhouse gas (GHG) and carbon (C) budget of Europe. For the decade of the 2010s, we present a bottom‐up (BU) estimate of GHG net‐emissions of 3.9 Pg CO 2 ‐eq. yr −1 (using a global warming potential on a 100 years horizon), which are largely dominated by fossil fuel emissions. In this decade, terrestrial ecosystems acted as a net GHG sink of 0.9 Pg CO 2 ‐eq. yr −1 , dominated by a CO 2 sink that was partially counterbalanced by net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O. For CH 4 and N 2 O, we find good agreement between BU and top‐down (TD) estimates from atmospheric inversions. However, our BU land CO 2 sink is significantly higher than the TD estimates. We further show that decadal averages of GHG net‐emissions have declined by 1.2 Pg CO 2 ‐eq. yr −1 since the 1990s, mainly due to a reduction in fossil fuel emissions. In addition, based on both data driven BU and TD estimates, we also find that the land CO 2 sink has weakened over the past two decades. A large part of the European CO 2 and C sinks is located in Northern Europe. At the same time, we find a decreasing trend in sink strength in Scandinavia, which can be attributed to an increase in forest management intensity. These are partly offset by increasing CO 2 sinks in parts of Eastern Europe and Northern Spain, attributed in part to land use change. Extensive regions of high CH 4 and N 2 O emissions are mainly attributed to agricultural activities and are fo...