Amphicarpic development in Cardamine chenopodiifolia

作者：Aurélia Emonet, Miguel Pérez‐Antón, Ulla Neumann, Sonja Dunemann, Bruno Hüettel, Robert Koller, Angela Hay · 发表于：New Phytologist · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1111/nph.19965 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Plant tissue culture and regeneration、Plant Reproductive Biology、Chromosomal and Genetic Variations

Amphicarpy is an unusual trait where two fruit types develop on the same plant: one above and the other belowground. This trait is not found in conventional model species. Therefore, its development and molecular genetics remain under-studied. Here, we establish the allooctoploid Cardamine chenopodiifolia as an emerging experimental system to study amphicarpy. We characterized C. chenopodiifolia development, focusing on differences in morphology and cell wall histochemistry between above- and belowground fruit. We generated a reference transcriptome with PacBio full-length transcript sequencing and analysed differential gene expression between above- and belowground fruit valves. Cardamine chenopodiifolia has two contrasting modes of seed dispersal. The main shoot fails to bolt and initiates floral primordia that grow underground where they self-pollinate and set seed. By contrast, axillary shoots bolt and develop exploding seed pods aboveground. Morphological differences between aerial explosive fruit and subterranean nonexplosive fruit were reflected in a large number of differentially regulated genes involved in photosynthesis, secondary cell wall formation and defence responses. Tools established in C. chenopodiifolia, such as a reference transcriptome, draft genome assembly and stable plant transformation, pave the way to study amphicarpy and trait evolution via allopolyploidy.