A Least-Square Unified Framework for Spatial Filtering in SSVEP-Based BCIs

作者：Ze Wang, Lu Shen, Yi Yang, Yueqi Ma, Chi Man Wong, Zige Liu, Cuiyun Lin, Chi Tin Hon, Tao Qian, Feng Wan · 发表于：IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1109/tnsre.2024.3424410 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces、Retinal Imaging and Analysis、Blind Source Separation Techniques

The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has become one of the most prominent BCI paradigms with high information transfer rate, and has been widely applied in rehabilitation and assistive applications. This paper proposes a least-square (LS) unified framework to summarize the correlation analysis (CA)-based SSVEP spatial filtering methods from a machine learning perspective. Within this framework, the commonalities and differences between various spatial filtering methods appear apparent, the interpretation of computational factors becomes intuitive, and spatial filters can be determined by solving a generalized optimization problem with non-linear and regularization items. Moreover, the proposed LS framework provides the foundation of utilizing the knowledge behind these spatial filtering methods in further classification/regression model designs. Through a comparative analysis of existing representative spatial filtering methods, recommendations are made for the superior and robust design strategies. These recommended strategies are further integrated to fill the research gaps and demonstrate the ability of the proposed LS framework to promote algorithmic improvements, resulting in five new spatial filtering methods. This study could offer significant insights in understanding the relationships between various design strategies in the spatial filtering methods from the machine learning perspective, and would also contribute to the development of the SSVEP recogniti...