Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region

作者：Ki Hyun Lee, Awachana Jiamsakul, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Rohidas Borse, Vohith Khol, Evy Yunihastuti, Iskandar Azwa, I Ketut Agus Somia, Romanee Chaiwarith, Thach Ngoc Pham, Suwimon Khusuwan, Cuong Duy, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Yasmin Gani, Rossana Ditangco, Oon Tek Ng, Sanjay Pujari, Man Po Lee, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Hsin‐Pai Chen, Fujie Zhang, Junko Tanuma, Jeremy Ross, Jun Yong Choi · 发表于：PLoS ONE · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pone.0306245 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies、T-cell and Retrovirus Studies、HIV Research and Treatment

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii can cause symptomatic toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient hosts, including in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), mainly because of the reactivation of latent infection. We assessed the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its associated risk factors in PLWH in the Asia-Pacific region using data from the TREAT Asia Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia-Pacific. METHODS: This study included both retrospective and prospective cases of toxoplasmosis reported between 1997 and 2020. A matched case-control method was employed, where PLWH diagnosed with toxoplasmosis (cases) were each matched to two PLWH without a toxoplasmosis diagnosis (controls) from the same site. Sites without toxoplasmosis were excluded. Risk factors for toxoplasmosis were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 269/9576 (2.8%) PLWH were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis in 19 TAHOD sites. Of these, 227 (84%) were reported retrospectively and 42 (16%) were prospective diagnoses after cohort enrollment. At the time of toxoplasmosis diagnosis, the median age was 33 years (interquartile range 28-38), and 80% participants were male, 75% were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Excluding 63 out of 269 people without CD4 values, 192 (93.2%) had CD4 ≤200 cells/μL and 162 (78.6%) had CD4 ≤100 cells/μL. By employing 538 matched controls, we found that ...