Non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis

作者：Spyridon Siafis, Carolin Lorenz, Hui Wu, Yikang Zhu, Johannes Schneider‐Thoma, Irene Bighelli, Chunbo Li, Wulf‐Peter Hansen, Frank Padberg, Georgia Salanti, Stefan Leucht · 发表于：Systematic Reviews · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s13643-024-02585-2 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies、Neurological disorders and treatments、Pain Management and Treatment

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, there are multiple available techniques and a comprehensive synthesis of evidence is lacking. Thus, we will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of NIBS techniques as an add-on to antipsychotics for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS: We will include single- and double-blind randomized-controlled trials (RCT) comparing any NIBS technique with each other or with a control intervention as an add-on to antipsychotics in adult patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. We will exclude studies focusing on predominant negative symptoms, maintenance treatment, and single sessions. The primary outcome will be a change in overall symptoms, and secondary outcomes will be a change in symptom domains, cognitive performance, quality of life, functioning, response, dropouts, and side effects. We will search for eligible studies in previous reviews, multiple electronic databases and clinical trial registries from inception onwards. At least two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We will measure the treatment differences using standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. We will conduct pairwise and network meta-analysis within a frequentist framework using ...