Recurrent Glioblastoma—Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms

作者：Christopher Chang, Velina S. Chavarro, Jakob V. E. Gerstl, Sarah E. Blitz, Lennard Spanehl, Daniel Dubinski, Pablo A. Valdés, Lily N. Tran, Saksham Gupta, Luisa Esposito, Debora Mazzetti, Florian Geßler, Omar Arnaout, Timothy R. Smith, Gregory K. Friedman, Pierpaolo Peruzzi, Joshua D. Bernstock · 发表于：International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/ijms25126733 · 被引用次数：39 · 研究领域：Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment、Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Cancer Research and Treatments

Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6-9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma.