SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a highly vulnerable population of Brazil: a household cohort study

作者：Lara E. Coelho, Paula M. Luz, Débora C. Pires, Emília M. Jalil, Hugo Perazzo, Thiago S. Torres, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Eduardo Mesquita Peixoto, Sandro Nazer, Eduardo Massad, Luiz Max Carvalho, Weeberb J. Réquia, Fernando Couto Motta, Marilda Mendonça Siqueira, Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, Guilherme Cordenonsi da Fonseca, Liliane Cavalcante, Carlos A.M. Costa, Rodrigo T. Amâncio, Daniel Antunes Maciel Villela, Tiago Pereira, Guilherme Tegoni Goedert, Cléber Vinícius Brito dos Santos, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues, Breno Augusto Bormann de Souza Filho, Daniel Csillag, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdiléa G. Veloso, Cláudio J. Struchiner · 发表于：The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.lana.2024.100824 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：COVID-19 epidemiological studies、Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy、COVID-19 and Mental Health

Background: Household transmission studies seek to understand the transmission dynamics of a pathogen by estimating the risk of infection from household contacts and community exposures. We estimated within/extra-household SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and associated factors in a household cohort study in one of the most vulnerable neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro city. Methods: Individuals ≥1 years-old with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the past 30 days (index cases) and household members aged ≥1 year were enrolled and followed at 14 and 28 days (study period November/2020-December/2021). RT-PCR testing, COVID-19 symptoms, and SARS-CoV-2 serologies were ascertained in all visits. Chain binomial household transmission models were fitted using data from 2024 individuals (593 households). Findings: Extra-household infection risk was 74.2% (95% credible interval [CrI] 70.3-77.8), while within-household infection risk was 11.4% (95% CrI 5.7-17.2). Participants reporting having received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine had lower extra-household (68.9%, 95% CrI 57.3-77.6) and within-household (4.1%, 95% CrI 0.4-16.6) infection risk. Within-household infection risk was higher among participants aged 10-19 years, from overcrowded households, and with low family income. Contrastingly, extra-household infection risk was higher among participants aged 20-29 years, unemployed, and public transportation users. Interpretation: Our study provides important insights into COVID-19 household/c...