Association between tobacco exposure and bladder cancer recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

作者：Lei Xiang, Qi-Qi Xie, Si‐Si Xu, Wen-Jie Ruan, Dong-Hui Xu, Yao-Yao Gan, Jia Zuo, Wenjun Xu, Zhipeng Li · 发表于：World Journal of Methodology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.91889 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments、Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies、Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers

BACKGROUND: However, the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear. AIM: To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. METHODS: As of July 20, 2022, relevant English-language research was identified by searching PubMed, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We pooled the available data from the included studies using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The combined analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate than nonsmoking status [odd ratios (OR) = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.84-2.93], and the progression of bladder cancer was significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.02-1.44). Stratified analysis further revealed that current smokers were more likely to experience relapse than never-smokers were (OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.11-3.07). Former smokers also had a greater risk of relapse than did never-smokers (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.09-2.73). Subgroup analysis indicated that non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.74-2.61). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that tobacco exposure may be a significant risk factor for both the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.