Low-Temperature and Fast-Charging Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Solvent–Solvent Interaction Mediated Electrolyte

作者：Akang Huang, Zheng Ma, Pushpendra Kumar, Honghong Liang, Tao Cai, Fei Zhao, Zhen Cao, Luigi Cavallo, Qian Li, Jun Ming · 发表于：Nano Letters · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01591 · 被引用次数：77 · 研究领域：Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies、Advancements in Battery Materials、Advanced battery technologies research

Lithium metal batteries utilizing lithium metal as the anode can achieve a greater energy density. However, it remains challenging to improve low-temperature performance and fast-charging features. Herein, we introduce an electrolyte solvation chemistry strategy to regulate the properties of ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes through intermolecular interactions, utilizing weakly solvated fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to replace EC, and incorporating the low-melting-point solvent 1,2-difluorobenzene (2FB) as a diluent. We identified that the intermolecular interaction between 2FB and solvent can facilitate Li + desolvation and lower the freezing point of the electrolyte effectively. The resulting electrolyte enables the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ||Li cell to operate at −30 °C for more than 100 cycles while delivering a high capacity of 154 mAh g –1 at 5.0C. We present a solvation structure and interfacial model to analyze the behavior of the formulated electrolyte composition, establishing a relationship with cell performance and also providing insights for the electrolyte design under extreme conditions.