Exposure of pregnant women to neonicotinoids in Wenzhou City, East China: A biomonitoring study

作者：Min Huang, Yuanping Wang, Yi Wang, Guankai Lin, Xiaoting Wen, Xiaoyang Xu, Sumiao Hong, Yuanyuan Chen, Haiping Lin, Zichen Yang, Ke Zhao, Jiaqi Liu, Jiwei Wang, Hexing Wang, Na Wang, Yue Chen, Qingwu Jiang · 发表于：Environment International · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2024.108811 · 被引用次数：20 · 研究领域：Insect and Pesticide Research、Insects and Parasite Interactions、Biotin and Related Studies

BACKGROUND: China produces and consumes a large amount of neonicotinoids. A non-negligible exposure to neonicotinoids might occur for Chinese pregnant women, but relevant data remain limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the exposure to neonicotinoids by urinary biomonitoring in pregnant women from Wenzhou City, East China. METHODS: We selected 432 pregnant women in Wenzhou City in 2022. A total of eight parent neonicotinoids and four metabolites were determined in single spot urine by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Basic characteristics, physical activity, pre-pregnant body mass index, and intake of drinking water and food were investigated by the questionnaire. Health risk was assessed by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) based on human safety thresholds derived from different health endpoints. RESULTS: Neonicotinoids and their metabolites in urine had a detection frequency between 0 % and 80.1 %. At least one neonicotinoid or metabolite was detected in 93.5 % of urine samples. Except for clothianidin (51.2 %) and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (80.1 %), the detection frequencies of other neonicotinoids and metabolites ranged from 0 % to 43.8 %. The summed concentrations of all neonicotinoids and their metabolites ranged from < LOD to 222.83 μg/g creatinine with the median concentration of 2.58 μg/g creatinine. Maternal age, educational level, occupation, household income, screen time, and pre-pregnant body mass index were associated with detection frequ...