Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 Inorganic Chemical Compositions and Cardiopulmonary Mortality: A 22-Year Cohort Study in Northern China

作者：Hongyue Sun, Xi Chen, Wenzhong Huang, Jing Wei, Xueli Yang, Anqi Shan, Liwen Zhang, Honglu Zhang, Jiayu He, Chengjie Pan, Jingjing Li, Jing Wu, Tong Wang, Jie Chen, Yuming Guo, Shilu Tong, Guang‐Hui Dong, Naijun Tang · 发表于：Environment & Health · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/envhealth.4c00020 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Climate Change and Health Impacts、Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) has been identified as a significant air pollutant contributing to premature mortality. Nevertheless, the specific compositions within PM 2.5 that play the most crucial role remain unclear, especially in areas with high pollution concentrations. This study aims to investigate the individual and joint mortality risks associated with PM 2.5 inorganic chemical compositions and identify primary contributors. In 1998, we conducted a prospective cohort study in four northern Chinese cities (Tianjin, Shenyang, Taiyuan, and Rizhao). Satellite-based machine learning models calculated PM 2.5 inorganic chemical compositions, including sulfate (SO 4 2– ), nitrate (NO 3 – ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), and chloride (Cl – ). A time-varying Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze associations between these compositions and cardiorespiratory mortality, encompassing nonaccidental causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), nonmalignant respiratory diseases (RDs), and lung cancer. The quantile-based g-computation model evaluated joint exposure effects and relative contributions of the compositions. Stratified analysis was used to identify vulnerable subpopulations. During 785,807 person-years of follow-up, 5812 (15.5%) deaths occurred from nonaccidental causes, including 2932 (7.8%) from all CVDs, 479 (1.3%) from nonmalignant RDs, and 552 (1.4%) from lung cancer. Every interquartile range (...