Alterations of pathogen transmission patterns and attenuated immune stimulation might be the cause of increased adult respiratory infections cases in 2023, results from a multi-center study in mainland China

作者：Jingwen Ai, Hongyu Wang, Haocheng Zhang, Jieyu Song, Yi Zhang, Ke Lin, Lihong Qu, Yanliang Zhang, Shiliang Zhang, Qiyun Xiang, Jiawei Geng, Guangxia Jin, Wei Song, Liaoyun Zhang, Xiaoli Hu, Hongyan Liu, Guanmin Yuan, Ning Jiang, Yang Zhou, Yuanyuan Xu, Jun Ying, Jiqin Wu, Yajiao Xing, Kai Fang, Hui Yan, Feiying Chen, Tailin Xu, Sen Wang, Zhaohui Qian, Wenhong Zhang · 发表于：Heliyon · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32304 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Respiratory viral infections research、Influenza Virus Research Studies、Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections

Background: Several respiratory infections outbreaks have been observed in mainland China after reduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Other countries have seen increases in respiratory infections outside typical seasons post-COVID-19, warranting investigation into underlying causes. Methods: We established monitoring networks for suspected respiratory infection in 14 tertiary hospitals nationwide. PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B were performed on 3708 respiratory specimens and deep sequencing were conducted to identify co-infections or newly emerging microbes in 2023. Viral evolutionary analysis was completed. We retrospectively detected serum antibody level for various respiratory pathogens from 4324 adults without respiratory infections over 7 years to observe its dynamic curves. Findings: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A were the main pathogens during outbreaks in 2023, bacterial-virus and bacterial-bacterial co-infections were most detected, but community co-infections didn't significantly increase pneumonia incidence. Different SARS-CoV-2 and influenza variants were present in different outbreaks, and no novel pathogens were found. The epidemiological patterns of influenza A, COVID-19 and etc. were altered, exhibiting characteristics of being "staggered" compared to most global regions, and potentially led to "overlapping prevalence". Binding antibody testing showed regular fluctuation, without significant decrease against common respiratory pathogens in adults....