A Survey of Machine Learning in Edge Computing: Techniques, Frameworks, Applications, Issues, and Research Directions

作者：Oumayma Jouini, Kaouthar Sethom, Abdallah Namoun, Nasser Aljohani, Meshari Huwaytim Alanazi, Meshari Huwaytim Alanazi, Mohammad N. Alanazi, Mohammad N. Alanazi · 发表于：Technologies · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/technologies12060081 · 被引用次数：111 · 研究领域：IoT and Edge/Fog Computing、Data Stream Mining Techniques、Advanced Neural Network Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) devices often operate with limited resources while interacting with users and their environment, generating a wealth of data. Machine learning models interpret such sensor data, enabling accurate predictions and informed decisions. However, the sheer volume of data from billions of devices can overwhelm networks, making traditional cloud data processing inefficient for IoT applications. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in models, architectures, hardware, and design requirements for deploying machine learning on low-resource devices at the edge and in cloud networks. Prominent IoT devices tailored to integrate edge intelligence include Raspberry Pi, NVIDIA’s Jetson, Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, STM32 Microcontrollers, SparkFun Edge, Google Coral Dev Board, and Beaglebone AI. These devices are boosted with custom AI frameworks, such as TensorFlow Lite, OpenEI, Core ML, Caffe2, and MXNet, to empower ML and DL tasks (e.g., object detection and gesture recognition). Both traditional machine learning (e.g., random forest, logistic regression) and deep learning methods (e.g., ResNet-50, YOLOv4, LSTM) are deployed on devices, distributed edge, and distributed cloud computing. Moreover, we analyzed 1000 recent publications on “ML in IoT” from IEEE Xplore using support vector machine, random forest, and decision tree classifiers to identify emerging topics and application domains. Hot topics included big data, cloud, edge, multimedia,...