The Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Mechanisms and Opportunities for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

作者：Nan Hu, Haiyang Li, Changcheng Tao, Ting Xiao, Weiqi Rong · 发表于：International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/ijms25115584 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism、Epigenetics and DNA Methylation、Immune cells in cancer

As one of the emerging hallmarks of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, metabolic remodeling is common in the tumor microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of global tumor-related mortality, causing a series of metabolic alterations in response to nutrient availability and consumption to fulfill the demands of biosynthesis and carcinogenesis. Despite the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating HCC, the response rate remains unsatisfactory. Recently, research has focused on metabolic reprogramming and its effects on the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and immune response rate. In this review, we delineate the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. We discuss strategies aimed at enhancing response rates and overcoming immune resistance through metabolic interventions, focusing on targeting glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism, as well as systemic regulation.