Amniotic fluid embolism rescued using venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without initial anticoagulation: A case report and literature review

作者：Hiroshi Araki, Motohiro Sekino, Yuri Hasegawa, Masaya Kurobe, Tetsufumi Motokawa, Akihiko Tanigawa, Takashi Egashira, Naoya Iwasaki, Miki Suzumura, Rintaro Yano, S. Matsumoto, Taiga Ichinomiya, Ushio Higashijima, Naohiro Kanayama, Kiyonori Miura, Tetsuya Hara · 发表于：Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1097/md.0000000000038176 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Maternal and fetal healthcare、Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms、Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies

RATIONALE: Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a fatal obstetric condition that often rapidly leads to severe respiratory and circulatory failure. It is complicated by obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with bleeding tendency; therefore, the introduction of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is challenging. We report the case of a patient with AFE requiring massive blood transfusion, rescued using VA-ECMO without initial anticoagulation. PATIENTS CONCERNS: A 39-year-old pregnant patient was admitted with a complaint of abdominal pain. An emergency cesarean section was performed because a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate was detected in addition to DIC with hyperfibrinolysis. Intra- and post-operatively, the patient had a bleeding tendency and required massive blood transfusions. After surgery, the patient developed lethal respiratory and circulatory failure, and VA-ECMO was introduced. DIAGNOSIS: Based on the course of the illness and imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with AFE. INTERVENTIONS: By controlling the bleeding tendency with a massive transfusion and tranexamic acid administration, using an antithrombotic ECMO circuit, and delaying the initiation of anticoagulation and anti-DIC medication until the bleeding tendency settled, the patient was managed safely on ECMO without complications. OUTCOMES: By day 5, both respiration and circulation were stable, and the patient was weaned off VA-ECMO. Mechanical ventilation w...