A strategy to assess the use-phase carbon footprint from energy losses in electric vehicle battery

作者：Boran Yang, Chenran Du, Hang Zhang, Xiaoli Ma, Xueling Shen, Dong Wang, Zhanglong Yu, Qian Huang, Danni Gao, Yanping Yin, Yanyan Fang, Ran Xu · 发表于：Journal of Cleaner Production · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142569 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Advanced Battery Technologies Research、Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure、Extraction and Separation Processes

The electric vehicles are not completely emission-free. The vehicles consume power and the power generation processes involve carbon emissions, resulting in indirect vehicle usage carbon emissions. A use-phase carbon emissions assessment can help electric vehicle designers and manufacturers analyze the onboard carbon footprint and mitigate vehicle-related carbon emissions through energy consumption optimization. In this article, we focus on the use-phase carbon footprint based on the energy losses in electric vehicle battery packs. A battery pack energy loss model is established to examine the carbon footprint of four main subsystems of the battery pack, including the energy storage system, thermal management system, and battery junction box. We use the proposed method to evaluate the battery pack use-phase carbon emissions in four different cities from four main continents. The results show that the highest emissions appear in Tokyo (436.2 kgCO 2 ) due to the relatively high greenhouse gas factor on the grid, the London has the lowest 207.5 kgCO 2 emissions due to the massive adoption of sustainable energy during power generation. With a similar high greenhouse gas factor, but Sydney shows lower emissions (347.5 kgCO 2 ) compared to Tokyo, which illustrates the closer the annual average temperature to the battery suitable operation range, the lower energy loss happens inside the battery pack due to the low thermal management load and resistance energy loss in the cells. This...