Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and vascular lesions: An update on what we currently know

作者：Zhenyu Mao, Pengdou Zheng, Xiaoyan Zhu, Lingling Wang, Fengqin Zhang, Huiguo Liu, Hai Li, Ling Zhou, Wei Liu · 发表于：Sleep Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.010 · 被引用次数：23 · 研究领域：Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research、Neuroscience of respiration and sleep、Tracheal and airway disorders

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the most prevalent sleep and respiratory disorder. This syndrome can induce severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, and intermittent hypoxia is a pivotal contributor to this damage. Vascular pathology is closely associated with the impairment of target organs, marking a focal point in current research. Vascular lesions are the fundamental pathophysiological basis of multiorgan ailments and indicate a shared pathogenic mechanism among common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, suggesting their importance as a public health concern. Increasing evidence shows a strong correlation between OSAHS and vascular lesions. Previous studies predominantly focused on the pathophysiological alterations in OSAHS itself, such as intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep, leading to vascular disruptions. This review aims to delve deeper into the vascular lesions affected by OSAHS by examining the microscopic pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Emphasis has been placed on examining how OSAHS induces vascular lesions through disruptions in the endothelial barrier, metabolic dysregulation, cellular phenotype alterations, neuroendocrine irregularities, programmed cell death, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications. This review examines the epidemiology and associated risk factors for OSAHS and vascular diseases and subsequently describes the existing evidence on vascular lesions induce...