Comprehensive understanding of glioblastoma molecular phenotypes: classification, characteristics, and transition

作者：Can Xu, Pengyu Hou, Xiang Li, Menglin Xiao, Ziqi Zhang, Ziru Li, Jianglong Xu, Guoming Liu, Yanli Tan, Chuan Fang · 发表于：Cancer Biology and Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0510 · 被引用次数：32 · 研究领域：Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment、Computational Drug Discovery Methods、ATP Synthase and ATPases Research

Among central nervous system-associated malignancies, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and has the highest mortality rate. The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide. In precision medicine, research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity, as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy. Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical. Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes. The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways, oncogene expression, tumor microenvironment alterations, and differential responses to standard therapy. Herein, we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype. Furthermore, we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.