Human Milk Cannabinoid Concentrations and Associations with Maternal Factors: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study

作者：Elizabeth A. Holdsworth, Anna Berim, David R. Gang, Janet E. Williams, Caroline B. Smith, Beatrice Caffé, Olivia Brooks, Celestina Barbosa‐Leiker, Mark A. McGuire, Shelley McGuire, Courtney L. Meehan · 发表于：Breastfeeding Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1089/bfm.2024.0021 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research、Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects、Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

Background and Objectives: As cannabis use increases among reproductive-aged women, there is a growing need to better understand the presence of cannabinoids in milk produced by women using cannabis. It is unclear how concentrations of cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) persist in milk after cannabis use and what factors contribute to variation in milk Δ 9 -THC concentrations. Our objectives were to measure cannabinoids in human milk following cannabis abstention, after single and repeated instances of cannabis use, and identify factors contributing to concentration variation. Methods: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study prospectively observed 20 breastfeeding participants who frequently used cannabis (≥1/week), had enrolled <6 months postpartum, were feeding their infant their milk ≥5 times/day, and were not using any illicit drugs. Participants collected a baseline milk sample after ≥12 hours of abstaining from cannabis and five milk samples at set intervals over 8–12 hours after initial cannabis use. Participants completed surveys and recorded self-directed cannabis use during the study period. Results: Δ 9 -THC peaked 120 minutes after a single instance of cannabis use (median, n = 9). More instances of cannabis use during the study period were associated with greater Δ 9 -THC area-under-the-curve concentrations (ρ = 0.65, p = 0.002), indicating Δ 9 -THC bioaccumulation in most participants. Baseline Δ 9 -THC logged concentration was positivel...