Advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment – Guidance for systematic future research

作者：Uwe Hübner, Stephanie Spahr, Holger V. Lutze, Arne Wieland, Steffen Rüting, Wolfgang Gernjak, Jannis Wenk · 发表于：Heliyon · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30402 · 被引用次数：362 · 研究领域：Advanced oxidation water treatment、Catalytic Processes in Materials Science、Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a growing research field with a large variety of different process variants and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, despite extensive research in recent years and decades, many variants have not been transitioned to pilot- and full-scale operation. One major concern are the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, comparison, and upscaling of the most promising AOPs. The aim of this tutorial review is to streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other AOPs, and outline future perspectives and research needs. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available for most AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds and scavengers for the measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phase approach to assess new AOP concepts is proposed, consisting of (i) basic research and proof-of-concept (technology readiness levels (TRL) 1-3), followed by (ii) process development in the intended water matrix including a cost comparison with an established process, applying comparable and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption (TRL 3-5). Subsequent demonstrat...