Perspectives and Outlook of E-fuels: Production, Cost Effectiveness, and Applications

作者：Kuangyi Shi, Bin Guan, Zhongqi Zhuang, Junyan Chen, Yujun Chen, Zeren Ma, Chenyu Zhu, Xuehan Hu, Sikai Zhao, Hongtao Dang, Jiangfeng Guo, Lei Chen, Kaiyou Shu, Yuan Li, Zelong Guo, Yi Chao, Jingqiu Hu, Zhen Huang · 发表于：Energy & Fuels · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c00409 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Catalytic Processes in Materials Science、Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction、Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion

With the introduction of the EU’s “ban on combustion” proposal in 2035, the sale of new fossil fuel vehicles will soon be comprehensively prohibited. The use of e-fuels has become the best means for the survival and continuation of internal combustion engines, while also responding to the call for carbon neutrality. This review studies how the raw materials required for different e-fuels can be obtained through the assistance of renewable energy or various net-zero carbon emission routes, and elaborates on the synthesis methods, economics, and challenges faced by e-fuels such as e-methanol and e-ammonia. E-fuels have a wide range of market applications, including but not limited to road transportation, aviation, and shipping, and some transportation vehicles have already chosen e-fuels as their fuel. By summarizing the technoeconomic analysis of e-fuels, this review aims to provide referable methods and multiple options for the future large-scale production of e-fuels, as well as insights for the subsequent application and improvement of e-fuels.