Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

作者：P. Panuzzo, T. Mazeh, F. Arenou, B. Holl, E. Caffau, A. Jorissen, C. Babusiaux, P. Gavras, J. Sahlmann, U. Bastian, Ł. Wyrzykowski, L. Eyer, N. Leclerc, N. Bauchet, A. Bombrun, N. Mowlavï, G. M. Seabroke, D. Teyssier, E. Balbinot, A. Helmi, A. G. A. Brown, A. Vallenari, T. Prusti, J. H. J. de Bruijne, A. Barbier, M. Biermann, O. L. Creevey, C. Ducourant, D. W. Evans, R. Guerra, A. Hutton, C. Jordi, S. A. Klioner, U. Lammers, L. Lindegren, X. Luri, F. Mignard, C. Nicolas, S. Randich, P. Sartoretti, R. Smiljanić, P. Tanga, N. A. Walton, C. Aerts, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, M. Cropper, R. Drimmel, F. Jansen, D. Katz, M. G. Lattanzi, C. Soubiran, F. Thévenin, F. van Leeuwen, R. Andrae, M. Audard, J. Bakker, R. Blomme, J. Castañeda, F. De Angeli, C. Fabricius, M. Fouesneau, Y. Frémat, L. Galluccio, A. Guerrier, U. Heiter, E. Masana, R. Messineo, K. Nienartowicz, F. Pailler, F. Riclet, W. Roux, R. Sordo, G. Gracia-Abril, J. Portell, M. Altmann, K. Benson, J. Berthier, P. W. Burgess, D. Busonero, G. Busso, C. Cacciari, H. Cánovas, J. M. Carrasco, B. Carry, A. Cellino, N. Cheek, G. Clementini, Y. Damerdji, M. Davidson, P. de Teodoro, L. Delchambre, A. Dell’Oro, E. Fraile, D. Garabato, P. García-Lario, R. Haigron, N. C. Hambly, D. L. Harrison, D. Hatzidimitriou, J. Hernández, Daniel Hestroffer, S. T. Hodgkin, Sara Jamal, G. Jévardat de Fombelle, S. Jordan, A. Krone-Martins, A. C. Lanzafame, W. Löffler, A. Lorca, O. Marchal, P. M. Marrese, A. Moitinho, K. Muinonen, M. Nuñez Campos, I. Oreshina-Slezak, P. Osborne, E. Pancino, T. Pauwels, A. Recio–Blanco, M. Riello, L. Rimoldini, A. C. Robin, T. Roegiers, L. M. Sarro, M. Schultheis, M. Smith, A. Sozzetti, E. Utrilla, M. van Leeuwen, K. Weingrill, U. Abbas, P. Ábrahám, A. Abreu Aramburu, Saad Ahmed, G. Altavilla, M. A. Álvarez, F. Anders, Richard I. Anderson, E. Anglada Varela, T. Antoja, Sayan Baig, D. Baines, Steven G. Baker, L. Balaguer-Núñez, Z. Balog, C. Barache, M. Barros, M. A. Barstow, S. Bartolomé, Dolev Bashi, J.-L. Bassilana, N. Baudeau, U. Becciani, L. R. Bedin, I. Bellas-Velidis, M. Bellazzini, W. Beordo, M. Bernet, Corine Bertolotto, S. Bertone, L. Bianchi, A. Binnenfeld, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, Joss Bland‐Hawthorn, A. Blazere, T. Boch, D. Bossini, S. Bouquillon, A. Bragaglia, J. Braine, E. Bratsolis, E. Breedt, A. Bressan, N. Brouillet, E. Brugaletta, B. Bucciarelli, A. G. Butkevich, R. Buzzi, A. Camut, R. Cancelliere, T. Cantat-Gaudin, D. Capilla Guilarte, R. Carballo, T. Carlucci, M. I. Carnerero, J. Carretero, Simone Carton, L. Casamiquela, Andrew R. Casey, M. Castellani, A. Castro-Ginard, L. Ceraj, Valentina Cesare, P. Charlot, Claude Chaudet, L. Chemin, A. Chiavassa, N. Chornay, D. Chosson, William Cooper, T. Cornez, S. Cowell, M. Crosta, C. Crowley, Mauricio Cruz Reyes, Carlos Dafonte, M. Dal Ponte, M. David, P. de Laverny, F. De Luise, R. De March, A. de Torres, E. F. del Peloso, Marco Delbò, Antonio Delgado‐Huertas, J.-B. Delisle, C. Demouchy, Elizabeth Denis, T. E. Dharmawardena, Federico Di Giacomo, C. Diener, E. Distefano, C. Dolding, K. Dsilva, H. Enke, C. Fabre, M. Fabrizio, S. Faigler, M. Fatović, G. Fedorets, J. Fernández-Hernández, P. Fernique, F. Figueras, C. Fouron, Francesca Fragkoudi, M. Gai, Marjorie Galinier, Alicia García‐Serrano, Miguel García-Torres, A. Garofalo, E. Gerlach, R. Geyer, P. Giacobbe, G. Gilmore, S. Girona, G. Giuffrida, A. Gomboc, A. Gómez, I. González-Santamaría, E. Gosset, Mikael Granvik, V. Gregori Barrera, R. Gutiérrez–Sánchez, M. Haywood, A. Helmer, S. L. Hidalgo, T. Hilger, D. Hobbs, C. Hottier, H. E. Huckle, Ó. Jiménez-Arranz, J. Juaristi Campillo, Zofia Kaczmarek, P. Kervella, S. Khanna, M. Kontizas, G. Kordopatis, A. J. Korn, Á. Kóspál, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, K. Kruszyńska, M. Kun, S. Lambert, A. F. Lanza, Y. Lebreton, T. Lebzelter, S. Leccia, G. Lecoutre, S. Liao, L. Liberato, E. Licata, E. Livanou, A. Lobel, J. López-Miralles, C. Loup, M. Madarász, L. Mahy, R. G. Mann, M. Manteiga, Calvin Marcellino, J. M. Marchant, M. Marconi, D. Marín Pina, S. Marinoni, D. J. Marshall, Juanjo Lozano, L. Martin Polo, J Martín-Fleitas, G. Marton, D. Mascarenhas, A. Masip, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti, P. J. McMillan, Jan Meichsner, Jaroslav Merc, S. Messina, N. R. Millar, Alexey Mints, Dahiya Mohamed, D. Molina, R. Molinaro, L. Molnár, M. Monguió, P. Montegriffo, Lorenzo Monti, A. Mora, R. Morbidelli, D. Morris, Ranjith Mudimadugula, T. Muraveva, I. Musella, Z. Nagy, N. Nardetto, Camila Navarrete, Semyeong Oh, C. Ordénovic, O. Orenstein, C. Pagani, I. Pagano, L. Palaversa, P. A. Palicio, L. Pallas-Quintela, M. Pawlak, Antti Penttilä, P. Pesciullesi, M. Pinamonti, E. Plachy, L. Planquart, G. Plum, E. Poggio, D. Pourbaix, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, L. Pulone, V. Rabin, M. Rainer, C. M. Raiteri, P. Ramos, M. Ramos-Lerate, M. Ratajczak, P. Re Fiorentin, S. Regibo, C. Reylé, V. Ripepi, A. Riva, Hans‐Walter Rix, G. Rixon, G. Robert, N. Robichon, A. C. Robin, M. Romero-Gómez, N. Rowell, D. Ruz Mieres, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, G. Sadowski, A. Sagristà Sellés, N. Sanna, R. Santoveña, M. Sarasso, M. H. Sarmiento, C. Sarrate Riera, ‬‬‬‬‬‬Eva Sciacca, D. Ségransan, Marcin Semczuk, S. Shahaf, A. Siebert, E. Slezak, R. L. Smart, Owain Snaith, E. Solano, F. Solitro, D. Souami, J. Souchay, E. Spitoni, F. Spoto, L. A. Squillante, I. A. Steele, H. Steidelmüller, Jean Surdej, L. Szabados, F. Taris, Mark Taylor, R. Teixeira, Thor Tepper-García, W. Thuillot, L. Tolomei, N. Tonello, F. Torra, G. Torralba Elipe, Michele Trabucchi, E. Trentin, M. Tsantaki, C. Turon, A. Ulla, N. Unger, I. Valtchanov, O. Vanel, Alberto Vecchiato, D. Vicente, E. Calvo Villar, M. Weiler, H. Zhao, J. Zorec, S. Zucker, A. Župić, T. Zwitter · 发表于：Astronomy and Astrophysics · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202449763 · 被引用次数：128 · 研究领域：Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations、Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research、Relativity and Gravitational Theory

Context. Gravitational waves from black-hole (BH) merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models – and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. Aims. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. Methods. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. Results. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 ± 0.82 M ⊙ BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. Conclusions. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known th...