Different Methods to Modify the Hydrophilicity of Titanium Implants with Biomimetic Surface Topography to Induce Variable Responses in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

作者：Thomas Jacobs, Jonathan T. Dillon, David J. Cohen, Barbara D. Boyan, Zvi Schwartz · 发表于：Biomimetics · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/biomimetics9040227 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

The osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs), critical to the osseointegration of titanium implants, is enhanced on titanium surfaces with biomimetic topography, and this is further enhanced when the surfaces are hydrophilic. This is a result of changing the surface free energy to change protein adsorption, improving cell attachment and differentiation, and improving bone-to-implant contact in patients. In this study, we examined different methods of plasma treatment, a well-accepted method of increasing hydrophilicity, and evaluated changes in surface properties as well as the response of bMSCs in vitro. Commercially pure Ti and titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) disks were sand-blasted and acid-etched to impart microscale and nanoscale roughness, followed by treatment with various post-processing surface modification methods, including ultraviolet light (UV), dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-generated plasma, and plasma treatment under an argon or oxygen atmosphere. Surface wettability was based on a sessile water drop measurement of contact angle; the elemental composition was analyzed using XPS, and changes in topography were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal imaging. The cell response was evaluated using bMSCs; outcome measures included the production of osteogenic markers, paracrine signaling factors, and immunomodulatory cytokines. All plasma treatments were effective in inducing superhydrophilic surfaces. ...