RETRACTED: Sources, effects and present perspectives of heavy metals contamination: Soil, plants and human food chain

作者：Prodipto Bishnu Angon, Md. Shafiul Islam, Shreejana KC, Arpan Das, Nafisa Anjum, Amrit Poudel, Shaharia Akter Suchi · 发表于：Heliyon · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28357 · 被引用次数：845 · 研究领域：Heavy metals in environment、Heavy Metals in Plants、Radioactivity and Radon Measurements

Heavy metal (HM) poisoning of agricultural soils poses a serious risk to plant life, human health, and global food supply. When HM levels in agricultural soils get to dangerous levels, it harms crop health and yield. Chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are the main heavy metals. The environment contains these metals in varying degrees, such as in soil, food, water, and even the air. These substances damage plants and alter soil characteristics, which lowers crop yield. Crop types, growing circumstances, elemental toxicity, developmental stage, soil physical and chemical properties, and the presence and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil solution are some of the factors affecting the amount of HM toxicity in crops. By interfering with the normal structure and function of cellular components, HMs can impede various metabolic and developmental processes. Humans are exposed to numerous serious diseases by consuming these affected plant products. Exposure to certain metals can harm the kidneys, brain, intestines, lungs, liver, and other organs of the human body. This review assesses (1) contamination of heavy metals in soils through different sources, like anthropogenic and natural; (2) the effect on microorganisms and the chemical and physical properties of soil; (3) the effect on plants as well as crop production; and (4) entering the food chain and associated hazards to human health. Lastly, ...