Spatiotemporal drivers of urban water pollution: Assessment of 102 cities across the Yangtze River Basin

作者：Yilin Zhao, Han-Jun Sun, Xiaodan Wang, Jie Ding, Mei-Yun Lu, Ji-Wei Pang, Dapeng Zhou, Liang Ming, Nanqi Ren, Shanshan Yang · 发表于：Environmental Science and Ecotechnology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.ese.2024.100412 · 被引用次数：39 · 研究领域：Water Quality and Pollution Assessment、Urban Stormwater Management Solutions、Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Effective management of large basins necessitates pinpointing the spatial and temporal drivers of primary index exceedances and urban risk factors, offering crucial insights for basin administrators. Yet, comprehensive examinations of multiple pollutants within the Yangtze River Basin remain scarce. Here we introduce a pollution inventory for urban clusters surrounding the Yangtze River Basin, analyzing water quality data from 102 cities during 2018–2019. We assessed the exceedance rates for six pivotal indicators: dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus (TP), and the permanganate index (CODMn) for each city. Employing random forest regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analyses, we identified the spatiotemporal factors influencing these key indicators. Our results highlight agricultural activities as the primary contributors to the exceedance of all six indicators, thus pinpointing them as the leading pollution source in the basin. Additionally, forest coverage, livestock farming, chemical and pharmaceutical sectors, along with meteorological elements like precipitation and temperature, significantly impacted various indicators' exceedances. Furthermore, we delineate five core urban risk components through principal component analysis, which are (1) anthropogenic and industrial activities, (2) agricultural practices and forest extent, (3) climatic variables, (4) livestock r...