The association between brominated flame retardants exposure with bone mineral density in US adults: A cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2005–2014

作者：Tianyu Bai, Xiangjun Li, Han Zhang, Wenkang Yang, Changlin Lv, Xiaofan Du, Shiqi Xu, Aiping Zhao, Yongming Xi · 发表于：Environmental Research · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.envres.2024.118580 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

Exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has been widely confirmed to impair the normal functioning of the human body system. However, there is a paucity of study on the effects of serum BFRs on bone mineral density (BMD). This study aims to investigate the relationship between exposure to BFRs and BMD in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. 3079 participants aged between 20 and 80 years with complete data were included in the study. Serum levels of BFRs were measured using automated liquid-liquid extraction and subsequent sample clean-up. The BMD of all participants were assessed by DXA examinations. Generalize linear model, Restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate the association between serum BFRs and BMD. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that, after adjusting for covariates, PBB153 was significantly associated with TF-BMD (β = 0.0177, 95%CI: 0.0103–0.0252), FN-BMD (β = 0.009, 95%CI: 0.0036–0.0145), TS-BMD (β = 0.0081, 95%CI: 0.0013–0.015) and L1-BMD (β = 0.0144, 95%CI: 0.0075–0.0213). However, the associations lose their statistical significance after further adjustment for sex. BFRs exhibited S-shaped or line-plateau dose-response curves with BMD. In subgroup analyses, BFRs were significantly associated with BMD in participants who were younger than 55 years, female, overweight (BMI >25 kg/m2), and less alcohol consumption. In WQS and BKMR a...