NH 3 Electrosynthesis from N 2 Molecules: Progresses, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

作者：Yongwen Ren, Shaofeng Li, Chang Yu, Yihan Zheng, Cheng Wang, Bingzhi Qian, Linshan Wang, Wenhui Fang, Ying Sun, Jieshan Qiu · 发表于：Journal of the American Chemical Society · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/jacs.3c11676 · 被引用次数：95 · 研究领域：Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction、Caching and Content Delivery、Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

Green ammonia (NH 3 ), made by using renewable electricity to split nearly limitless nitrogen (N 2 ) molecules, is a vital platform molecule and an ideal fuel to drive the sustainable development of human society without carbon dioxide emission. The NH 3 electrosynthesis field currently faces the dilemma of low yield rate and efficiency; however, decoupling the overlapping issues of this area and providing guidelines for its development directions are not trivial because it involves complex reaction process and multidisciplinary entries (for example, electrochemistry, catalysis, interfaces, processes, etc.). In this Perspective, we introduce a classification scheme for NH 3 electrosynthesis based on the reaction process, namely, direct (N 2 reduction reaction) and indirect electrosynthesis (Li-mediated/plasma-enabled NH 3 electrosynthesis). This categorization allows us to finely decouple the complicated reaction pathways and identify the specific rate-determining steps/bottleneck issues for each synthesis approach such as N 2 activation, H 2 evolution side reaction, solid-electrolyte interphase engineering, plasma process, etc. We then present a detailed overview of the latest progresses on solving these core issues in terms of the whole electrochemical system covering the electrocatalysts, electrodes, electrolytes, electrolyzers, etc. Finally, we discuss the research focuses and the promising strategies for the development of NH 3 electrosynthesis in the future with a multi...