Cardiovascular Outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study)

作者：Jennifer B. Green, Brendan M. Everett, Alokananda Ghosh, Naji Younes, Heidi Krause‐Steinrauf, Joshua I. Barzilay, Cyrus Desouza, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Yashashwi Pokharel, David S. Schade, Alexandra Scrymgeour, Meng H. Tan, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Sunder Mudaliar, Jill P. Crandall, M. Diane McKee, S. Behringer-Massera, J. Brown-Friday, E. Xhori, K. Ballentine-Cargill, S. Duran, H. Estrella, Susana Gonzalez de la torre, J. Lukin, Lawrence S. Phillips, Elizabeth Burgess, Darin E. Olson, M. Rhee, Philip Wilson, T.S. Raines, J. Boers, J. Costello, M. Maher-Albertelli, R. Mungara, L. Savoye, C.A. White, C. Gullett, Leah Holloway, F. Morehead, S. Person, M. Sibymon, S. Tanukonda, Cynthia Adams, A. Ross, A. Balasubramanyam, Ruchi Gaba, E. Gonzalez Hattery, A. Ideozu, J. Jimenez, G. Montes, C. Wright, Priscilla Hollander, E. Roe, A. Jackson, A. Smiley, P. Burt, L. Estrada, K. Chionh, F. Ismail-Beigi, C. Falck-Ytter, L. Sayyed Kassem, Anil K. Sood, M. Tiktin, T. Kulow, C. Newman, K.A. Stancil, B. Cramer, J. Iacoboni, M.V. Kononets, C. Sanders, Lisa Tucker, A. Werner, A. Maxwell, G. McPhee, C. Patel, L. Colosimo, A. Krol, Robin Goland, J. Pring, L. Alfano, P. Kringas, C. Hausheer, J. Tejada, K. Gumpel, A. Kirpitch, H. Schneier, H. AbouAssi, Ranee Chatterjee, Mark N. Feinglos, J. English Jones, S.A. Khan, J.B. Kimpel, R.P. Zimmer, M. Furst, B.M. Satterwhite, C.R. Thacker, K. Evans Kreider, Cary N. Mariash, Kieren J. Mather, H.M. Ismail, A. Lteif, M. Mullen, T. Hamilton, N. Patel, G. Riera, Merry Jackson, V. Pirics, D. Aguillar, D. Howard, S. Hurt, Richard M. Bergenstal, Anders L. Carlson, Thomas Martens, Matthew Johnson, R. Hill, J. Hyatt, C. Jensen, M. Madden, Dianna C. Martin, H. Willis, W. Konerza, S. Yang, K. Kleeberger, R. Passi, S. Fortmann, M. Herson, K. Mularski, Harry Glauber, J. Prihoda, B. Ash, C. Carlson, P.A. Ramey, E. Schield, B. Torgrimson-Ojerio, K. Arnold, B. Kauffman, E. Panos, S. Sahnow, K. Bays, K. Berame, Jennifer Cook, D. Ghioni, J. Gluth, K. Schell, J. Criscola, C. Friason, Steve Jones, С. А. Назаров, N. Rassouli, R. Puttnam, B. Ojoawo, R. Nelson, Michelle Curtis, B. Hollis, C. Sanders-Jones, K. Stokes, Z. El-Haqq, A. Kolli, Tú-Anh Tran, Deborah J. Wexler, Mary Larkin, James B. Meigs, B. Chambers, A. Dushkin, G. Rocchio, M. Yepes, Barbara Steiner, H. Dulin, M. Cayford, K. Chu, A. DeManbey, M. Hillard, Kimberly Martin, N. Thangthaeng, L. Gurry, R. Kochis, E. Raymond, V. Ripley, Christine Stevens, Jaebum Park, Vanita R. Aroda, Adline Ghazi, Michelle Magee, A. Ressing, A. Loveland, M. Hamm, Maria D. Hurtado, Alexander Kühn, J. Leger, L. Manandhar, F. Mwicigi, O. Sanchez, T. Young, Rajesh Garg, V. Lagari-Libhaber, H.J. Florez, W.M. Valencia, J. Marks, Sabina Casula, L. Oropesa-Gonzalez, L. Hue, A. Cuadot, R. Nieto-Martinez, A.K. Riccio Veliz, M. Gutt, Y.J. Kendal, B. Veciana, Andrew Ahmann, D. Aby-Daniel, F. Joarder, V. Morimoto, C. Sprague, D. Yamashita, N. Cady, N. Rivera-Eschright, P. Kirchhoff, B. Morales Gomez, J. Adducci, A. Goncharova, S.H. Hox, H. Petrovitch, M. Matwichyna, Victoria Jenkins, L. Broadwater, R.R. Ishii, N.O. Bermudez, Daniel S. Hsia, William T. Cefalu, Frank L. Greenway, C. Waguespack, E. King, G. Fry, A. Dragg, B. Gildersleeve, J. Arceneaux, Natalie Haynes, A. Thomassie, M. Pavlionis, B. Bourgeois, C. Hazlett, Robert R. Henry, S. Boeder, Jeremy Pettus, E. Diaz, D. Garcia-Acosta, S. Maggs, C. DeLue, A. Stallings, E. Castro, S. Hernández, Jonathan Krakoff, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Tina Killean, Mohammed Khalid, E. Joshevama, E. Diaz, Dianna C. Martin, K. Tsingine, T. Karshner, Jeanine Albu, F.X. Pi-Sunyer, S. Frances, C. Maggio, E. Ellis, J. Bastawrose, Xiuqun Gong, Mary Ann Banerji, Phyllis August, Melissa Lee, Daniel Lorber, N.M. Brown, D.H. Josephson, L.L. Thomas, M. Tsovian, A. Cherian, M.H. Jacobson, M.M. Mishko, M.S. Kirkman, John B. Buse, Jamie Diner, J. Dostou, S. Machineni, Laura Young, K. Bergamo, A. Goley, J. B. Kerr, J.F. Largay, S. Guarda, J. Cuffee, D. Culmer, R. Fraser, H. Almeida, S. Coffer, E. Debnam, L. Kiker, Sarah U. Morton, K. Josey, G. Fuller, W. Timothy Garvey, A.L. Cherrington, D. Dyer, M.C.R. Lawson, O. Griffith, A. Agne, S. McCullars, Robert M. Cohen, J. Craig, M.C. Rogge, Kathryn Burton, K. Kersey, Charlton Wilson, S. Lipp, M.B. Vonder Meulen, C. Adkins, T. Onadeko, Neda Rasouli, C. Baker, Emily B. Schroeder, M. Razzaghi, Corey Lyon, R. Penaloza, C. Underkofler, R. Lorch, Sarah A. Douglass, S. Steiner, William I. Sivitz, E. Cline, L.K. Knosp, J. McConnell, T. Lowe, W.H. Herman, Rodica Pop‐Busui, C. Martin, A. Waltje, A. Katona, L. Goodhall, R. Eggleston, Shihchen Kuo, S. Bojescu, S. Bule, N. Kessler, E. LaSalle, K. Whitley, Elizabeth R. Seaquist, A. Bantle, T. Harindhanavudhi, Anjali Kumar, B. Redmon, John P. Bantle, M. Coe, M. Mech, A. Taddese, Lesia Lesne, Shannon D. Smith, L. Kuechenmeister, V. Shivaswamy, S. Burbach, M.G. Rodriguez, K. Seipel, A. Alfred, A.L. Morales, J. Eggert, G. Lord, W. Taylor, R. Tillson, A. Adolphe, Mark R. Burge, E. Duran-Valdez, J. Martinez, A. Bancroft, S. Kunkel, F. Ali Jamaleddin Ahmad, D. Hernandez McGinnis, B. Pucchetti, E. Scripsick, A. Zamorano, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Eugênio Cersósimo, M. Abdul-Ghani, Curtis Triplitt, D. Juarez, M. Mullen, R.I. Garza, H. Verastiqui, K. Wright, Curtiss Puckett, Philip Raskin, C. Rhee, S. Abraham, L.F. Jordan, S. Sao, L. Morton, O. Smith, L. Osornio Walker, L. Schnurr-Breen, R. Ayala, R.B. Kreymer, D. Sturgess, S.E. Kahn, L. Alarcon-Casas Wright, Edward J. Boyko, E.C. Tsai, D.L. Trence, S. Trikudanathan, B.N. Fattaleh, B.K. Montgomery, K.M. Atkinson, A. Kozedub, Tessa Concepcion, C. Moak, N. Prikhodko, S. Rhothisen, T.A. Elasy, S. Martin, L. Shackelford, R. Goidel, N. Hinkle, C. Lovell, J. Myers, J. Lipps Hogan, Janet B. McGill, M. Salam, T. Schweiger, S. Kissel, Carol Recklein, M.J. Clifton, William V. Tamborlane, A. Camp, Barbara Gulanski, Kim Pham, M. Alguard, P. Gatcomb, K. Lessard, Marina Pérez, L. Iannone, E. Magenheimer, A. Montosa, William T. Cefalu, Judith Fradkin, Henry B. Burch, A.A. Bremer, David M. Nathan, John M. Lachin, John B. Buse, S.E. Kahn, Mary Larkin, M. Tiktin, Deborah J. Wexler, Henry B. Burch, A.A. Bremer, John M. Lachin, Ionut Bebu, Nicole M. Butera, C.J. Buys, A. Fagan, Yuping Gao, M.R. Gramzinski, S.D. Hall, Elham Kazemi, E. Legowski, H. Liu, C. Suratt, Mark Tripputi, A. Arey, M. Backman, J. Bethepu, C. Lund, P. Mangat Dhaliwal, P. McGee, E. Mesimer, Lisa Ngo, Michael W. Steffes, Jesse C. Seegmiller, Amy K. Saenger, Valerie Arends, D. Gabrielson, T. Conner, S. Warren, John Day, J. Huminik, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Z.M. Zhang, C. Campbell, Jingzhou Hu, Lisa Keasler, S. Hensley, Y. Li, W.H. Herman, Shihchen Kuo, C. Martin, A. Waltje, Rada Mihalcea, D.J. Min, V. Perez-Rosas, Lisa A. Prosser, Ken Resnicow, W. Ye, Hui Shao, P. Zhang, José A. Luchsinger, D. Sanchez, Stephanie Assuras, Erik J. Groessl, F. Sakha, H. Chong, N. Hillery, I. Abdouch, G. Bahtiyar, P. Brantley, F.E. Broyles, G. Canaris, Paul M. Copeland, J.J. Craine, W.L. Fein, A. Gliwa, L. Hope, M.S. Lee, R. Meiners, V. Meiners, H. O’Neal, J.E. Park, Alan Sacerdote, E. Sledge, L. Soni, J. Steppel-Reznik, Alexander Turchin · 发表于：Circulation · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1161/circulationaha.123.066604 · 被引用次数：25 · 研究领域：Diabetes Treatment and Management、Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Diabetes Management and Research

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of glucose-lowering medications on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and low cardiovascular risk are unclear. We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study). METHODS: A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years. Prespecified outcomes included between-group time-to-first event analyses of MACE-3 (composite of major adverse cardiovascular events: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke), MACE-4 (MACE-3+unstable angina requiring hospitalization or revascularization), MACE-5 (MACE-4+coronary revascularization), MACE-6 (MACE-5+hospitalization for heart failure), and the individual components. MACE outcomes and hospitalization for heart failure in the liraglutide-treated group were compared with the other groups combined using Cox proportional hazards models. MACE-6 was also analyzed as recurrent events using a proportional rate model to compare all treatment groups. RESUL...