Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: Drivers, effectiveness, and future needs

作者：Prashant Kumar, Sisay E. Debele, Soheila Khalili, Christos H. Halios, Jeetendra Sahani, Nasrin Aghamohammadi, María de Fátima Andrade, Maria Athanassiadou, Kamaldeep Bhui, Nerea Calvillo, Shi‐Jie Cao, Frédéric Coulon, Jill L. Edmondson, David Fletcher, Edmílson Dias de Freitas, Hai Guo, Matthew Hort, Madhusudan Katti, Thomas Kjeldsen, Steffen Lehmann, Giuliano Maselli Locosselli, Shelagh K. Malham, Lídia Morawska, Rajan Parajuli, C. D. F. Rogers, Runming Yao, Fang Wang, Jannis Wenk, Laurence Jones · 发表于：The Innovation · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100588 · 被引用次数：256 · 研究领域：Urban Heat Island Mitigation、Urban Green Space and Health、Land Use and Ecosystem Services

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change. Yet, the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure (GBGI), such as parks, wetlands, and engineered greening, which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures. Despite many reviews, the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear. This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits. After screening 27,486 papers, 202 were reviewed, based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions. Certain GBGI (green walls, parks, street trees) have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities. However, several other GBGI have received negligible (zoological garden, golf course, estuary) or minimal (private garden, allotment) attention. The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens (5.0 ± 3.5°C), wetlands (4.9 ± 3.2°C), green walls (4.1 ± 4.2°C), street trees (3.8 ± 3.1°C), and vegetated balconies (3.8 ± 2.7°C). Under changing climate conditions (2070-2100) with consideration of RCP8.5, there is a shift in climate subtypes, either within the same climate zone (e.g., Dfa to Dfb an...