Sources of personal PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy in the MADRES cohort

作者：Xu Yan, Karl O’Sharkey, Jane Cabison, Marisela Rosales, Thomas Chavez, Mark R. Johnson, Tingyu Yang, Seung‐Hyun Cho, Ryan Chartier, Brendan H. Grubbs, Nathana Lurvey, Deborah Lerner, Frederick Lurmann, Shohreh F. Farzan, Theresa M. Bastain, Carrie V. Breton, John P. Wilson, Rima Habre · 发表于：Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1038/s41370-024-00648-z · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols

Abstract Background Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is impacted by different sources each with different chemical composition. Determining these sources is important for reducing personal exposure and its health risks especially during pregnancy. Objective Identify main sources and their contributions to the personal PM 2.5 exposure in 213 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy in Los Angeles, CA. Methods We measured 48-hr integrated personal PM 2.5 exposure and analyzed filters for PM 2.5 mass, elemental composition, and optical carbon fractions. We used the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model to resolve and quantify the major sources of personal PM 2.5 exposure. We then investigated bivariate relationships between sources, time-activity patterns, and environmental exposures in activity spaces and residential neighborhoods to further understand sources. Results Mean personal PM 2.5 mass concentration was 22.3 (SD = 16.6) μg/m 3 . Twenty-five species and PM 2.5 mass were used in PMF with a final R 2 of 0.48. We identified six sources (with major species in profiles and % contribution to PM 2.5 mass) as follows: secondhand smoking (SHS) (brown carbon, environmental tobacco smoke; 65.3%), fuel oil (nickel, vanadium; 11.7%), crustal (aluminum, calcium, silicon; 11.5%), fresh sea salt (sodium, chlorine; 4.7%), aged sea salt (sodium, magnesium, sulfur; 4.3%), and traffic (black carbon, zinc; 2.6%). SHS was significantly greater in apartments compa...