Dynamic immune signatures of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer for infection prediction after immunotherapy

作者：Yung‐Hung Luo, Chia‐I Shen, Chi‐Lu Chiang, Hsu-Ching Huang, Yuh‐Min Chen · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2024.1269253 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis、Immune Cell Function and Interaction

Background Pulmonary infections are a crucial health concern for patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether the clinical outcome of pulmonary infection is influenced by immunotherapy(IO) remains unclear. By evaluating immune signatures, this study investigated the post-immunotherapy risk of pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer and identified circulating biomarkers that predict post-immunotherapy infection. Methods Blood specimens were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy(C/T) and/or IO to explore dynamic changes in immune signatures. Real-world clinical data were extracted from medical records for outcome evaluation. Mass cytometry and ELISA were employed to analyze immune signatures and cytokine profiles to reveal potential correlations between immune profiles and the risk of infection. Results The retrospective cohort included 283 patients with advanced NSCLC. IO was associated with a lower risk of pneumonia (odds ratio=0.46, p=0.012). Patients receiving IO and remained pneumonia-free exhibited the most favorable survival outcomes compared with those who received C/T or developed pneumonia (p<0.001). The prospective cohort enrolled 30 patients. The proportion of circulating NK cells significantly increased after treatment in IO alone (p<0.001) and C/T+IO group (p<0.01). An increase in cell densities of circulating PD-1 + CD8 + (cytotoxic) T cells (p<0.01) and PD-1 + CD4...