Immunogram defines four cancer-immunity cycle phenotypes with distinct clonal selection patterns across solid tumors

作者：Ying Hu, Huaibo Sun, Wei Shi, Chen Chen, Xueying Wu, Yu Jiang, Guoying Zhang, Na Li, Song Jin, Hao Zhang, Hao Zhang, Baiyong Shen, Henghui Zhang, Henghui Zhang, Henghui Zhang · 发表于：Journal of Translational Medicine · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s12967-023-04765-5 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis、Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

BACKGROUND: The cancer-immunity cycle (CI cycle) provides a theoretical framework to illustrate the process of the anticancer immune response. Recently, the update of the CI cycle theory emphasizes the importance of tumor's immunological phenotype. However, there is lack of immunological phenotype of pan-cancer based on CI cycle theory. METHODS: Here, we applied a visualizing method termed 'cancer immunogram' to visualize the state of CI cycle of 8460 solid tumors from TCGA cohort. Unsupervised clustering of the cancer immunogram was performed using the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis. We applied an evolutionary genomics approach (dN/dS ratio) to evaluate the clonal selection patterns of tumors with distinct immunogram subtypes. RESULTS: We defined four major CI cycle patterns across 32 cancer types using a cancer immunogram approach. Immunogram-I was characterized by 'hot' and 'exhausted' features, indicating a favorable prognosis. Strikingly, immunogram-II, immunogram-III, and immunogram-IV represented distinct immunosuppressive patterns of 'cold' tumor. Immunogram-II was characterized by 'cold' and 'radical' features, which represented increased expression of immune inhibitor molecules and high levels of positive selection, indicating the worst prognosis. Immunogram-III was characterized by 'cold' and 'recognizable' features and upregulated expression of MHC I molecules. Immunogram-IV was characterized by 'cold' and 'inert' features, which represented overa...