Major drivers of soil acidification over 30 years differ in paddy and upland soils in China

作者：Donghao Xu, Gerard H. Ros, Qichao Zhu, Minggang Xu, Shilin Wen, Zejiang Cai, Fusuo Zhang, W. de Vries · 发表于：The Science of The Total Environment · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170189 · 被引用次数：45 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Soil and Unsaturated Flow、Clay minerals and soil interactions

Elevated nitrogen (N) fertilization has largely increased crop production in China, but also increased acidification risks, thereby threatening crop yields. However, natural soil acidification due to bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) leaching and base cation (BC) removal by crop harvest also affect soil acidity whereas the input of HCO 3 and BC via fertilizers and manure counteract soil acidification . Insights in rates and drivers of soil acidification in different land use types is too limited to support crop- and site-specific mitigation strategies. In this study, we assessed the historical changes in cropland acidification rates and their drivers for the period 1985–2019 at 151 sites in a typical Chinese county with the combined nutrient and soil acidification model VSD+. VSD+ could well reproduce long-term changes in pH and in the BC concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium between 1985 and 2019 in non-calcareous soils. In paddy soils , the acidity production rate decreased from 1985 onwards, mainly driven by a pH-induced reduction in HCO 3 leaching and N transformations. In upland soils , however, acidity production was mainly driven by N transformations and hardly changed over time. Crop BC removal by harvesting played a minor role in both paddy and upland soils, but its relative importance increased in paddy soils . The acidity input was partly neutralized by HCO 3 input from fertilizers and manure, which decreased over time due to a change from ammonia bicarbonate to ur...