Vaccine Effectiveness Against Long COVID in Children

作者：Hanieh Razzaghi, Christopher B. Forrest, Kathryn Hirabayashi, Qiong Wu, Andrea J. Allen, Suchitra Rao, Yong Chen, H. Timothy Bunnell, Elizabeth A. Chrischilles, Lindsay Grey Cowell, Mollie Rebecca Cummins, David A. Hanauer, Miranda Higginbotham, Benjamin Davies Horne, Carol R. Horowitz, Ravi R. Jhaveri, Susan Kim, Aaron D. Mishkin, Jennifer A. Muszynski, Susanna Naggie, Nathan M. Pajor, Anuradha Paranjape, Hayden T. Schwenk, Marion R. Sills, Yacob G. Tedla, David Arnold Williams, L. Charles Bailey · 发表于：PEDIATRICS · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1542/peds.2023-064446 · 被引用次数：66 · 研究领域：Long-Term Effects of COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

OBJECTIVES: Vaccination reduces the risk of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, but it is less clear whether it protects against long COVID. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against long COVID in children aged 5 to 17 years. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from 17 health systems in the RECOVER PCORnet electronic health record program for visits after vaccine availability. We examined both probable (symptom-based) and diagnosed long COVID after vaccination. RESULTS: The vaccination rate was 67% in the cohort of 1 037 936 children. The incidence of probable long COVID was 4.5% among patients with COVID-19, whereas diagnosed long COVID was 0.8%. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness within 12 months was 35.4% (95 CI 24.5-44.7) against probable long COVID and 41.7% (15.0-60.0) against diagnosed long COVID. VE was higher for adolescents (50.3% [36.6-61.0]) than children aged 5 to 11 (23.8% [4.9-39.0]). VE was higher at 6 months (61.4% [51.0-69.6]) but decreased to 10.6% (-26.8% to 37.0%) at 18-months. CONCLUSIONS: This large retrospective study shows moderate protective effect of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 vaccination against long COVID. The effect is stronger in adolescents, who have higher risk of long COVID, and wanes over time. Understanding VE mechanism against long COVID requires more study, including electronic health record sources and prospective data.