Microemulsion-Assisted Self-Assembly of Indium Porphyrin Photosensitizers with Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

作者：Linfeng Yang, Yanqiu Liu, Xiaorui Ren, Rixin Jia, Lulu Si, Jianshuai Bao, Yingying Shi, Jiajie Sun, Yong Zhong, Peng‐Cheng Duan, Xiaoyan Yang, Rui Zhu, Yu Jia, Feng Bai · 发表于：ACS Nano · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1021/acsnano.3c09399 · 被引用次数：51 · 研究领域：Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry、Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies

Designing and constructing supramolecular photosensitizer nanosystems with highly efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) is vital in the nanomedical field. Despite recent advances in forming well-defined superstructures, the relationship between molecular arrangement in nanostructures and photodynamic properties has rarely been involved, which is crucial for developing stable photosensitizers for highly efficient PDT. In this work, through a microemulsion-assisted self-assembly approach, indium porphyrin (InTPP) was used to fabricate a series of morphology-controlled self-assemblies, including nanorods, nanospheres, nanoplates, and nanoparticles. They possessed structure-dependent 1 O 2 generation efficiency. Compared with the other three nanostructures, InTPP nanorods featuring strong π–π stacking, J -aggregation, and high crystallinity proved to be much more efficient at singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) production. Also, theoretical modeling and photophysical experiments verified that the intermolecular π–π stacking in the nanorods could cause a decreased singlet–triplet energy gap (Δ E ST ) compared with the monomer. This played a key role in enhancing intersystem crossing and facilitating 1 O 2 generation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the InTPP nanorods could trigger cell apoptosis and tumor ablation upon laser irradiation (635 nm, 0.1 W/cm 2 ) and exhibited negligible dark toxicity and high phototoxicity. Thus, the supramolecular self-assembly strategy p...