Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Quantification Aided by Deep Estimations of Imperfection Factors and Macromolecular Signal

作者：Dicheng Chen, Meijin Lin, Huiting Liu, Jiayu Li, Yirong Zhou, Taishan Kang, Liangjie Lin, Zhigang Wu, Jiazheng Wang, Li Jing, Jianzhong Lin, Xi Chen, Di Guo, Xiaobo Qu · 发表于：IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1109/tbme.2024.3354123 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies、NMR spectroscopy and applications

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is an important technique for biomedical detection. However, it is challenging to accurately quantify metabolites with proton MRS due to serious overlaps of metabolite signals, imperfections because of non-ideal acquisition conditions, and interference with strong background signals mainly from macromolecules. The most popular method, LCModel, adopts complicated non-linear least square to quantify metabolites and addresses these problems by designing empirical priors such as basis-sets, imperfection factors. However, when the signal-to-noise ratio of MRS signal is low, the solution may have large deviation. METHODS: Linear Least Squares (LLS) is integrated with deep learning to reduce the complexity of solving this overall quantification. First, a neural network is designed to explicitly predict the imperfection factors and the overall signal from macromolecules. Then, metabolite quantification is solved analytically with the introduced LLS. In our Quantification Network (QNet), LLS takes part in the backpropagation of network training, which allows the feedback of the quantification error into metabolite spectrum estimation. This scheme greatly improves the generalization to metabolite concentrations unseen in training compared to the end-to-end deep learning method. RESULTS: Experiments show that compared with LCModel, the proposed QNet, has smaller quantification errors for simulated data, and presents more stable quantifica...