DIII-D research to provide solutions for ITER and fusion energy

作者：C. T. Holcomb, for the DIII-D Team:, Joseph Abbate, Alfredo Abe, A. Abrams, Promise Adebayo-Ige, Susan Agabian, S. Ahmed, N. Aiba, N. Akcay, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Ryan Albosta, P. Aleynikov, S. L. Allen, H. Anand, James P. Anderson, Y. Andrew, M.B. Ashburn, Arash Ashourvan, Mariah J. Austin, G. Avdeeva, David Ayala, M. Ayub, E. Bagdy, Santanu Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardóczi, O. Bardsley, J.L. Barr, E.M. Bass, A. Battey, Z. Bayler, L. Baylor, Torrin Bechtel, Matthew Beidler, E. A. Belli, Thomas Benedett, Zachary Bergstrom, M. Berkel, T. N. Bernard, N. Bertelli, R. Bielajew, G.M. Bodner, J.A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, Sayak Bose, Mark D. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. P. Bradley, R. Brambila, A. Braun, D. P. Brennan, Stefan Bringuier, Lisa Brodsky, M. W. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. L. Brower, W. Ted Brown, J. Buck, S. Buczek, D. Burgess, M.G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, Jalal Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, P.J. Byrne, A. Cacheris, Kyle Callahan, J. D. Callen, D. B. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, Luca Cappelli, T. Carlstrom, R. Carr, W. Carrig, B. Carter, T. Carter, I.S. Carvalho, W.P. Cary, L. Casali, Lennard Ceelen, M. Cengher, M. Cha, Ryan Chaban, V. S. Chan, B. H. Chapman, I. Char, J. Chen, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Jose A. Chiriboga, Eunjung Cho, G. J. Choi, Wonjae Choi, H. Choudhury, Satyajit Chowdhury, C. Chrystal, Yang Geun Chung, R.M. Churchill, R. Clark, M. Clément, Jonathan Coburn, S. Coda, Ryan Coffee, C. Collins, J. Colmenares-Fernandez, William Conlin, R.M. Coon, T. Cote, A. J. Creely, N. A. Crocker, C. Crowe, B.J.B. Crowley, T. P. Crowley, M. Curie, Davide Curreli, A. Dal Molin, J. Damba, Eli Dart, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, A. De, N. de Boucaud, Y.L.C. de Jong, Peter de Vries, A. de-Villeroche, Genevieve DeGrandchamp, J.S. deGrassie, D. R. Demers, S. S. Denk, Earl William DeShazer, S. Di Genova, A. Diallo, A. M. Dimits, Rui Ding, S. Ding, David Donovan, Xiaodi Du, J. Dunsmore, Alexander D. Dupuy, Jonah Duran, Andrew Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N.W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, Y. Elsey, D.A. Ennis, Keith Erickson, D. R. Ernst, M. Fajardo, H. Farre-Kaga, M.E. Fenstermacher, N.M. Ferraro, J. Ferron, A. Feyrer, P. J. Fimognari, R. Finden, D. F. Finkenthal, Richard Fitzpatrick, S. Flanagan, B. Ford, W. Fox, S. Freiberger, Liu Fu, K. Gage, Vaish Gajaraj, Iván García, F. García, A. Garcia, M. García-Muñoz, D. Garnier, A. M. Garofalo, Anthony Gattuso, B. Geiger, K. Gentle, Yashika Ghai, K. Gill, F. Glass, P. Gohil, Xianzu Gong, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Yu. A. Gorelov, Vincent Graber, R.S. Granetz, C. Thomas Gray, C. M. Greenfield, B. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, S. Gu, Heng Guo, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, R. Hager, S.H. Hahn, Michael Halfmoon, J. Hall, V. H. Hall-Chen, Federico David Halpern, G. W. Hammett, X. Han, C. Hansen, E.C. Hansen, J.M. Hanson, Michael O. Hanson, A. Harris, R. W. Harvey, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W.H.J. Hayashi, Agnes Hayes, W. W. Heidbrink, J. L. Herfindal, J. Hicok, E.T. Hinson, T. Hisakado, C. Holcomb, C. Holland, L. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K.L. Holtrop, R. Hong, Ryan Hood, L. Horvath, Saeid Houshmandyar, N. T. Howard, E. C. Howell, Weida Hu, Yanglin Hu, Qiming Hu, Y. H. Huang, J. Huang, A.B. Huang, A. Hubbard, J. W. Hughes, Daniel Lewis Humphreys, Juan Carlos Hurtado, A.W. Hyatt, K. Imada, V. Izzo, Azarakhsh Jalalvand, S.C. Jardin, A. Järvinen, Y.M. Jeon, Hantao Ji, Xiang Jian, Jian Li, Y. Jiang, C. A. Johnson, J. R. Johnson, Matthew R. Jones, Sungyeop Joung, P. Jouzdani, E. Jung, E. Kallenberg, R. Kalling, David H. Kaplan, Alan A. Kaptanoglu, D.H. Kellman, J. Kennedy, P.O. Khabanov, J. Kim, H. Kim, Eun‐jin Kim, S. H. Kim, Kyungjin Kim, C. Kim, T. Kim, J.D. King, A. Kinsey, D. Kirk, D. Klasing, A. Kleiner, M. Knolker, M. Kochan, Bruce E. Koel, J.T.W. Koenders, M. E. Koepke, Robert Kolasinski, Egemen Kolemen, Evdokiya Kostadinova, Mark Kostuk, G. Krämer, R. Kube, N. Kumar, R. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, C. Lahban, H. Lan, Russell Landry, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, C.J. Lasnier, C. Lau, R. Leccacorvi, J. Leddy, M. Lee, S. Lee, K Lee, R. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Léonard, E. Leppink, M. LeSher, Jeff Lestz, J.A. Leuer, N. Leuthold, G. S. Li, Xiang Li, Yang Li, L. Li, N. Li, Z. Li, D. Lin, Zhifang Lin, Z. Lin, Y. Lin, E. Linsenmayer, J. Liu, D. Liu, D. Liu, Chang Liu, Zheng-Wei Liu, Yueqiang Liu, C. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, S. D. Loch, L.L. LoDestro, N.C. Logan, J. Lohr, J. Lore, Ulises Losada Rodríguez, John Loughran, M. Lowell, T. C. Luce, N. Luhmann, P. Lunia, R. Lunsford, Leonard Lupin‐Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, J. Ross Macdonald, Tanmay Macwan, R. Maingi, M. Major, Lakshya Malhotra, M. Margo, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, Assimo Maris, E. H. Martin, J. Mateja, Richard D. Mattes, R. Maurizio, D. Mauzey, Liam McAllister, G. McArdle, J. McClenaghan, K.J. McCollam, G. R. McKee, K. McLaughlin, A.G. McLean, Vedant Mehta, Eric Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. Ménard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, Sarah Messer, William H. Meyer, C. Michael, D. Miller, M.A. Miller, Jason W. Mitchell, E. Litvinova Mitra, Charles Moeller, Mohamed A. Mohamed, S. C. Molesworth, Kevin Montes, S. Mordijck, Shira Morosohk, Auna Moser, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, C. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, R. A. Myers, A. Nagy, D. Nath, M. Navarro, R. Nazikian, Tom Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nesbet, F. Nespoli, Paul L. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J.P. Nichols, M. Nocente, L. Nuckols, R. Nygren, T. Odstrčil, M. Okabayashi, Erik Olofsson, D.M. Orlov, David Orozco, Nicholas J. Osborne, T.H. Osborne, Finn H. O’Shea, Diego M. Díaz Pace, Drew A. Packard, André Martinez, C. Pakosta, Chengkang Pan, M. D. Pandya, Dario Panici, A.Y. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, J. Park, C. Parker, Scott Parker, P. B. Parks, Matthew Parsons, Sai Tej Paruchuri, C. Paz-Soldan, T. Pederson, W. A. Peebles, B.G. Penaflor, E. Perez, Lavanya Periasamy, R. Perillo, C. C. Petty, Matt Pharr, Dylan Pierce, C. Pierren, S. Pierson, A.Yu. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D.A. Piglowski, S. D. Pinches, R. I. Pinsker, R.A. Pitts, J. Pizzo, M. Podestá, Ž. Popović, M. Porkolab, Quinn Pratt, G. Prechel, István Pusztai, P. Puthan-Naduvakkate, J. Qian, Xijie Qin, Ookjoo Ra, T. Raines, Kole Rakers, Katharina Rath, J. Rauch, Cristina Rea, Robert A. Reed, A. Reiman, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Qilong Ren, Jun Ren, Y. Ren, M. E. Rensink, T. L. Rhodes, N.J. Richner, J. Ridzon, Greg A. Riggs, J. Riquezes, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, T.D. Rognlien, G. Ronchi, L. Rondini, Rodrigo Rosati, A. Rosenthal, M.P. Ross, J. C. Rost, A. Rothstein, J.J. Roveto, J. Ruane, D.L. Rudakov, R. Rupani, Gayle Rutherford, S.A. Sabbagh, Jai Sachdev, Nahid Sadeghi, Ari Salmi, F. Salvador, B. Sammuli, C.M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, Chaofeng Sang, D. Santa, J. S. Sarff, O. Sauter, H. Savelli, C. E. Schaefer, Hanna Schamis, J. Schellpfeffer, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, Eugenio Schuster, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. T. Scoville, Andrew Seltzman, Jaemin Seo, J. Serrano, I. Sfiligoi, M.W. Shafer, R. Shapov, H. Shen, N. Shi, D. Shiraki, B. Short, Ricardo Shousha, Hang Si, Carlos Sierra, G. Sinclair, P. Sinha, G. Sips, Charles Skinner, T. Slendebroek, J.H. Slief, R.D. Smirnov, S. Smith, D. R. Smith, G. Snoep, P. Snyder, W.M. Solomon, X. Y. Song, A.C. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, Jared Squire, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P.C. Stangeby, E. Starling, S. Stewart, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, Stephen Storment, E. J. Strait, David Su, L. Sugiyama, P. J. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, X. Sun, C. Sung, W. Suttrop, Yasuo Suzuki, R. Sweeney, Benjamin T. Taczak, Y. Takemura, S. Tang, S. Tang, W. M. Tang, G. Tardini, D. Taussig, K. Teixeira, Kyle A. Thackston, Deepa Thomas, K. E. Thome, Y. Tinguely, M. Tobin, J.F. Tooker, A. Torrezan de Sousa, P. Traverso, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, Dinh Truong, C.K. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, L. Turner, E.A. Unterberg, B. Van Compernolle, R. van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, B.S. Victor, R. Vieira, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, Devin Vollmer, J. Wai, M.L. Walker, R. E. Waltz, W.R. Wampler, L. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, A. Wang, J.G. Watkins, M.L. Watkins, T. L. Watts, Lynne Webber, Kela P. Weber, W. Wehner, Xishuo Wei, David B. Weisberg, A.S. Welander, Amy B. Welsh, A. E. White, R.S. Wilcox, George Wilkie, T. M. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, Harold S. Wilson, A. Wingen, Muquan Wu, Dajun Wu, S.J. Wukitch, J. Xia, Ruifeng Xie, Z. Xing, Guosheng Xu, X. Q. Xu, Z. Yan, Xu Yang, L. Yang, S.M. Yang, J. Yang, Min-Gu Yoo, Gang Yu, J.H. Yu, A. Zalzali, A. Zamengo, V. Zamkovska, Shawn Zamperini, K. Zarrabi, Emi Zeger, K. Zeller, Long Zeng, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, Bingzhe Zhao, Chunli Zhao, Yuan Zheng, Yilun Zhu, Jizhao Zhu, J. P. Ziegel, Frederick J. Zimmerman, Carlos Zúñiga · 发表于：Nuclear Fusion · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1088/1741-4326/ad2fe9 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Magnetic confinement fusion research、Fusion materials and technologies、Superconducting Materials and Applications

Abstract The DIII-D tokamak has elucidated crucial physics and developed projectable solutions for ITER and fusion power plants in the key areas of core performance, boundary heat and particle transport, and integrated scenario operation, with closing the core-edge integration knowledge gap being the overarching mission. New experimental validation of high-fidelity, multi-channel, non-linear gyrokinetic turbulent transport models for ITER provides strong confidence it will achieve Q ⩾ 10 operation. Experiments identify options for easing H-mode access in hydrogen, and give new insight into the isotopic dependence of transport and confinement. Analysis of 2,1 islands in unoptimized low-torque IBS demonstration discharges suggests their onset time occurs randomly in the constant β phase, most often triggered by non-linear 3-wave coupling, thus identifying an NTM seeding mechanism to avoid. Pure deuterium SPI for disruption mitigation is shown to provide favorable slow cooling, but poor core assimilation, suggesting paths for improved SPI on ITER. At the boundary, measured neutral density and ionization source fluxes are strongly poloidally asymmetric, implying a 2D treatment is needed to model pedestal fuelling. Detailed measurements of pedestal and SOL quantities and impurity charge state radiation in detached divertors has validated edge fluid modelling and new self-consistent ‘pedestal-to-divertor’ integrated modeling that can be used to optimize reactors. New feedback adapt...