Intracellular Protein Delivery: Approaches, Challenges, and Clinical Applications

作者：Alexander Chan, Andrew Tsourkas · 发表于：BME Frontiers · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.34133/bmef.0035 · 被引用次数：79 · 研究领域：RNA Interference and Gene Delivery、Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques、Virus-based gene therapy research

Protein biologics are powerful therapeutic agents with diverse inhibitory and enzymatic functions. However, their clinical use has been limited to extracellular applications due to their inability to cross plasma membranes. Overcoming this physiological barrier would unlock the potential of protein drugs for the treatment of many intractable diseases. In this review, we highlight progress made toward achieving cytosolic delivery of recombinant proteins. We start by first considering intracellular protein delivery as a drug modality compared to existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drug modalities. Then, we summarize strategies that have been reported to achieve protein internalization. These techniques can be broadly classified into 3 categories: physical methods, direct protein engineering, and nanocarrier-mediated delivery. Finally, we highlight existing challenges for cytosolic protein delivery and offer an outlook for future advances.