A Comprehensive Assessment of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources and Sinks of Australasia's Carbon Budget

作者：Yohanna Villalobos, Josep G. Canadell, Elizabeth D. Keller, Peter Briggs, Beata Bukosa, Donna Giltrap, Ian N. Harman, T. W. Hilton, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Ronny Lauerwald, Lìyı̌n Liáng, Taylor Maavara, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, P. J. Rayner, Laure Resplandy, Judith A. Rosentreter, Eva‐Marie Metz, Óscar Serrano, Benjamin Smith · 发表于：Global Biogeochemical Cycles · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1029/2023gb007845 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Climate variability and models、Cryospheric studies and observations

Abstract Regional carbon budget assessments attribute and track changes in carbon sources and sinks and support the development and monitoring the efficacy of climate policies. We present a comprehensive assessment of the natural and anthropogenic carbon (C‐CO 2 ) fluxes for Australasia as a whole, as well as for Australia and New Zealand individually, for the period from 2010 to 2019, using two approaches: bottom‐up methods that integrate flux estimates from land‐surface models, data‐driven models, and inventory estimates; and top‐down atmospheric inversions based on satellite and in situ measurements. Our bottom‐up decadal assessment suggests that Australasia's net carbon balance was close to carbon neutral (−0.4 ± 77.0 TgC yr −1 ). However, substantial uncertainties remain in this estimate, primarily driven by the large spread between our regional terrestrial biosphere simulations and predictions from global ecosystem models. Within Australasia, Australia was a net source of 38.2 ± 75.8 TgC yr −1 , and New Zealand was a net CO 2 sink of −38.6 ± 13.4 TgC yr −1 . The top‐down approach using atmospheric CO 2 inversions indicates that fluxes derived from the latest satellite retrievals are consistent within the range of uncertainties with Australia's bottom‐up budget. For New Zealand, the best agreement was found with a national scale flux inversion estimate based on in situ measurements, which provide better constrained of fluxes than satellite flux inversions. This study mar...