New insights into micro-algal astaxanthin's effect on deoxynivalenol-induced spleen lymphocytes pyroptosis in Cyprinus carpio: Involving mitophagy and mtROS-NF-κB-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome

作者：Lei Diao, Wenjie Liu, Yawei Xu, Bin Zhang, Lingnan Meng, Rui Yin, Huijie Chen · 发表于：Fish & Shellfish Immunology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109259 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide、Selenium in Biological Systems、Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common sources of fungal toxins in fish feed, posing a significant risk to the immune and reproductive systems of fish. Microalgal astaxanthin (MIA), a potent antioxidant derived from microalgae , confers multifarious advantages upon piscine organisms, notably encompassing its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant prowess. Herein, we investigated the potential of MIA in ameliorating the immunotoxicity of DON on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) based on spleen lymphocytes treated with DON (1.5 ng/ml) and/or MIA (96 μM). Firstly, CCK8 results showed that DON resulted in excessive death of spleen lymphocytes. Secondly, spleen lymphocytes treated with DON had a higher proportion of pyroptosis , and the mRNA and protein levels of pyroptosis (NLRP3, IL-1β and ASC) in spleen lymphocytes were increased. Thirdly, the relative red fluorescence intensity of JC-1 and DCFH-DA showed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS in spleen lymphocytes treated with DON. Mitochondrial ATP, DNA and NADPH/NADP + analysis revealed decreased mitochondrial ATP, DNA and NADPH/NADP + levels in DON-treated lymphocytes, corroborating the association between DON exposure and elevated intracellular ATP, DNA and NADPH/NADP + in lymphocytes. DON exposure resulted in the downregulation of mitophagy-related genes and proteins (PINK1, Parkin and LC3) in lymphocytes. Notably, these effects were counteracted by treatment with MIA. Furthermore, DON led to the elevated...