The economy–employment–environmental health transfer and embedded inequities of China's capital metropolitan area: a mixed-methods study

作者：Wei Zhang, Jing Zhao, Zhuoying Zhang, Miaomiao Liu, Ruoqi Li, Wenbo Xue, Jia Xing, Beiming Cai, Ling Jiang, Jing Zhang, Xi Hu, Lingjia Zhong, Hongqiang Jiang, Wang Jinnan, Jun Bi · 发表于：The Lancet Planetary Health · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00218-8 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance、Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis、Energy, Environment, Economic Growth

Background Metropolitan areas have complex trade linkages internally and externally. This complexity stimulates the unequal spatial transfer of environmental health consequences, economy, and employment embodied in internal trade or trade with the outside regions, resulting in unequal exchange. Existing research has rarely discussed this issue at a refined scale, hindering targeted inequity alleviation policies. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study, focusing on the most polluted metropolitan area in the world, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China, and developed an integrated modelling framework to downscale the analysis of the trade-driven unequal transfer of PM 2·5 - related premature deaths, value added, and job opportunities to the city scale within Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The study couples a nested Multi-Regional Input-Output model table containing data from 13 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities and 28 outer provinces in 2017 with a bottom-up emission inventory, value added and employment statistical data, the Weather Research and Forecasting-Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, the Global Exposure Mortality Model, and human capital methods. We also constructed two indices measuring unequal exchanges between PM 2·5 -related deaths and economic and employment gains embodied in trades between cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and trades with outside regions. Findings The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a single entity shifted 14 985 (95% CI 12 800–16 948) net ...