Genetic diversity and population structure of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Henan Province of China based on SNP markers

作者：Wenjing Tang, Zhongdong Dong, Lifeng Gao, Xicheng Wang, Tianbao Li, Congwei Sun, Zongli Chu, Dangqun Cui · 发表于：BMC Plant Biology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1186/s12870-023-04537-9 · 被引用次数：20 · 研究领域：Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology、Genetic diversity and population structure、Genetics and Plant Breeding

BACKGROUND: Henan is the province with the greatest wheat production in China. Although more than 100 cultivars are used for production, many cultivars are still insufficient in quality, disease resistance, adaptability and yield potential. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to constantly breed new cultivars to maintain the continuous and stable growth of wheat yield and quality. To improve breeding efficiency, it is important to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of its cultivars. However, there are no such reports from Henan Province. Therefore, in this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to study the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of 243 wheat cultivars included in a comparative test of wheat varieties in Henan Province, aiming to provide a reference for the utilization of backbone parents and the selection of hybrid combinations in the genetic improvement of wheat cultivars. RESULTS: In this study, 243 wheat cultivars from Henan Province of China were genotyped by the Affymetrix Axiom Wheat660K SNP chip, and 21 characteristics were investigated. The cultivars were divided into ten subgroups; each subgroup had distinct characteristics and unique utilization value. Furthermore, based on principal component analysis, Zhoumai cultivars were the main hybrid parents, followed by Aikang 58, high-quality cultivars, and Shandong cultivars. Genetic diversity analysis showed that 61.3% of SNPs had...