Assessment of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils in Poland using contamination indicators

作者：Paweł Tomczyk, Aleksandra Wdowczyk, Barbara Wiatkowska, Agata Szymańska–Pulikowska · 发表于：Ecological Indicators · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111161 · 被引用次数：102 · 研究领域：Heavy metals in environment、Radioactivity and Radon Measurements、Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping

Heavy metals are considered a major pollutant due to their resistance to biodegradation, toxic effects on organisms, the fact that they can persist for long periods of time in soils and translocation. So far, no comprehensive, retrospective analyses have been carried out in Poland to assess spatial and temporal changes in contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, V) using toxicity indices. The main objectives of the present study were to comprehensively assess the status of contamination of agricultural soils in Poland with selected heavy metals based on several indicators: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Potential Ecological Risk Index (ER), Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index (PI) and Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI). Multivariate statistical analysis was also carried out, including principal component analysis (PCA) and descriptive statistics presented in box plots. Analyses were conducted over a period of 25 years at 216 study points within the framework of the chemistry monitoring of Poland's arable soils. This study will provide considerable assistance in the different soil types of Poland on the basis of toxicity indices. The presented research results show the spatial and structural diversification of soil contamination with metals and can be used in practice to formulate recommendations for rational soil use and planning investment activities in the field of environmental protection. In addition, thes...