Field experiments have enhanced our understanding of drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems—But where do we go from here?

作者：Alan K. Knapp, Kathleen V. Condon, Christine C. Folks, Matthew A. Sturchio, Robert J. Griffin‐Nolan, Steven A. Kannenberg, Amy S. Gill, Olivia L. Hajek, J. Alexander Siggers, Melinda D. Smith · 发表于：Functional Ecology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1111/1365-2435.14460 · 被引用次数：73 · 研究领域：Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics、Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies、Hydrology and Drought Analysis

Abstract We review results from field experiments that simulate drought, an ecologically impactful global change threat that is predicted to increase in magnitude, extent, duration and frequency. Our goal is to address, from primarily an ecosystem perspective, the questions ‘What have we learned from drought experiments?’ and ‘Where do we go from here?’. Drought experiments are among the most numerous climate change manipulations and have been deployed across a wide range of biomes, although most are conducted in short‐statured, water‐limited ecosystems. Collectively, these experiments have enabled ecologists to quantify the negative responses to drought that occur for most aspects of ecosystem structure and function. Multiple meta‐analyses of responses have also enabled comparisons of relative effect sizes of drought across hundreds of sites, particularly for carbon cycle metrics. Overall, drought experiments have provided strong evidence that ecosystem sensitivity to drought increases with aridity, but that plant traits associated with aridity are not necessarily predictive of drought resistance. There is also intriguing evidence that as drought magnitude or duration increases to extreme levels, plant strategies may shift from drought tolerance to drought escape/avoidance. We highlight three areas where more drought experiments are needed to advance our understanding. First, because drought is intensifying in multiple ways, experiments are needed that address alterations in...