The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

作者：Haozhi Ma, Thomas W. Crowther, Lidong Mo, Daniel S. Maynard, Susanne S. Renner, Johan van den Hoogen, Yibiao Zou, Jingjing Liang, Sergio de‐Miguel, G.J. Nabuurs, Peter B. Reich, Ülo Niinemets, Meinrad Abegg, Yves C. Adou Yao, Giorgio Alberti, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Braulio Vílchez Alvarado, Esteban Álvarez‐Dávila, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Luciana F. Alves, Christian Ammer, Clara Antón‐Fernández, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Bałazy, Olaf Bánki, Jorcely Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean‐François Bastin, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Roel Brienen, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Filippo Bussotti, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. César, Goran Češljar, Robin L. Chazdon, Han Y. H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Hyunkook Cho, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, David B. Clark, Gabriel Dalla Colletta, David A. Coomes, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, José Javier Corral‐Rivas, Philip M. Crim, Jonathan Cumming, Selvadurai Dayanandan, André Luís de Gasper, Mathieu Decuyper, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, Ilija Djordjević, Jiří Doležal, Aurélie Dourdain, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Brian J. Enquist, Teresa J. Eyre, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Tom M. Fayle, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Jonas Fridman, Lorenzo Frizzera, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, David J. Harris, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, Geerten Hengeveld, Bruno Hérault, John Herbohn, Martin Herold, Annika Hillers, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Cang Hui, Thomas Ibanez, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Tommaso Jucker, Ilbin Jung, Viktor Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, David Kenfack, Deborah Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer‐Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Timothy J. Killeen, Hyun Seok Kim, Kanehiro Kitayama, Michael Köhl, Henn Korjus, Florian Kraxner, Dmitry E. Kucher, Diana Laarmann, Mait Lang, Simon L. Lewis, Huicui Lu, Н. В. Лукина, Brian Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Éric Marcon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Jorge A. Meave, Omar Melo‐Cruz, Casimiro Mendoza, Cory Merow, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanessa S. Moreno, Sharif A. Mukul, Philip Mundhenk, María Guadalupe Nava‐Miranda, David Neill, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan Nevenić, Michael R. Ngugi, Pascal A. Niklaus, Jacek Oleksyn, Petr Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz‐Malavasi, Yude Pan, Alain Paquette, Alexander Parada‐Gutierrez, E. I. Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Nicolas Picard, María Teresa Fernández Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Irina Mendoza-Polo, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Freddy Ramírez Arévalo, Zorayda Restrepo‐Correa, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir Rolim, Anand Roopsind, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas, Philippe Saner, Peter Schall, Mart‐Jan Schelhaas, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Eric B. Searle, Vladimír Šebeň, Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, Douglas Sheil, А. Shvidenko, Javier E. Silva‐Espejo, Marcos Silveira, James Singh, Plínio Sist, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Alexandre F. Souza, Stanisław Miścicki, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Miroslav Svoboda, Ben Swanepoel, Natália Targhetta, N. M. Tchebakova, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas, Елена Тихонова, Peter M. Umunay, V. А. Usoltsev, Renato Valencia, Fernando Valladares, Fons van der Plas, Tran Van Do, Michael E. Van Nuland, Rodolfo Vásquez, Hans Verbeeck, Hélder Viana, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Klaus von Gadow, Huifang Wang, James Watson, Gijsbert D. A. Werner, Bertil Westerlund, Susan K. Wiser, Florian Wittmann, Hannsjoerg Woell, Verginia Wortel, Roderick Zagt, Tomasz Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Mo Zhou, Zhi‐Xin Zhu, Irié C. Zo‐Bi, Constantin M. Zohner · 发表于：Nature Plants · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5 · 被引用次数：63 · 研究领域：Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies、Species Distribution and Climate Change、Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and ide...