DHA and EPA inhibit porcine coronavirus replication by alleviating ER stress

作者：Xiaoyi Suo, Jing Wang, Danping Wang, Guoqiang Fan, Mingjun Zhu, Baochao Fan, Xiaojing Yang, Bin Li · 发表于：Journal of Virology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1128/jvi.01209-23 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Animal Virus Infections Studies、SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology

ABSTRACT The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted significant gaps in our mechanisms to prevent and control cross-species transmission of animal coronaviruses. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) are common porcine coronaviruses with similar clinical features. In the absence of effective drugs and methods of prevention and control, outbreaks of these viruses have led to significant economic losses in the global pig industry. Here, we report the effect of five fatty acids against porcine coronaviruses: sodium butyrate, lauric acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). DHA and EPA reduced viral replication by attenuating the endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV infections in vero cells, PK-15 cells, and LLC-PK1 cells in vitro , respectively. Additionally, DHA and EPA increased the host antioxidant levels and reduced inflammation. In conclusion, we report here for the first time the antiviral effects of DHA and EPA on porcine coronaviruses and provide a molecular basis for the development of new fatty acid-based therapies to control porcine coronavirus infection and transmission. IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by porcine coronaviruses remains a major threat to the global swine industry. Fatty acids are extensively involved in...