Stigma towards mental illness in Asian nations and low-and-middle-income countries, and comparison with high-income countries: A literature review and practice implications

作者：Mrugesh Vaishnav, Afzal Javed, Snehil Gupta, Vinay Kumar, Parth Vaishnav, Akash Kumar, Hakimullah Salih, Petros Levounis, Bernardo Ng, Samia Alkhoori, Cora Luguercho, Armen Soghoyan, Elizabeth Moore, Vinay Lakra, Martin Aigner, Johannes Wancata, Jamila Ismayilova, Md Azizul Islam, Antônio Geraldo da Silva, Gary Chaimowitz, Xiaoping Wang, Tarek Okasha, Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg, Thomas G. Schulze, Roger Ng, SN Chiu, C. Wa, Andi Jayalangkara Tanra, Yong Chon Park, Liliya Panteleeva, Marisol Taveras, Ramunė Mazaliauskienė, Ahmad Hatim Bin Sulaiman, Thelma Sanchez, Chandra Prasad Sedain, Taiwo Lateef Sheikh, Lars Lien, Ghulam Rasool, Robert D. Buenaventura, H Gambheera, Kapila Ranasinghe, Norman Sartorius, Chawanun Charnsil, Amine Larnaout, Juliet Nakku, Zarif Ashurov · 发表于：Indian Journal of Psychiatry · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_667_23 · 被引用次数：68 · 研究领域：Mental Health Treatment and Access、Family Caregiving in Mental Illness、Schizophrenia research and treatment

Background: Stigma related to mental illness (and its treatment) is prevalent worldwide. This stigma could be at the structural or organizational level, societal level (interpersonal stigma), and the individual level (internalized stigma). Vulnerable populations, for example, gender minorities, children, adolescents, and geriatric populations, are more prone to stigma. The magnitude of stigma and its negative influence is determined by socio-cultural factors and macro (mental health policies, programs) or micro-level factors (societal views, health sectors, or individuals' attitudes towards mentally ill persons). Mental health stigma is associated with more serious psychological problems among the victims, reduced access to mental health care, poor adherence to treatment, and unfavorable outcomes. Although various nationwide and well-established anti-stigma interventions/campaigns exist in high-income countries (HICs) with favorable outcomes, a comprehensive synthesis of literature from the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), more so from the Asian continent is lacking. The lack of such literature impedes growth in stigma-related research, including developing anti-stigma interventions. Aim: To synthesize the available mental health stigma literature from Asia and LMICs and compare them on the mental health stigma, anti-stigma interventions, and the effectiveness of such interventions from HICs. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were screened us...