Impact of various irrigation levels and nitrogen rates on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and nitrate leaching

作者：Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Abid Niaz, Shahzadi Mahpara, Rehmat Ullah, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Akram Qazi, Affan Ahmed, Nihayet Koçyi̇ği̇t, Syed Asghar Hussain Shah, Abdul Rauf, Muhammad Atif Muneer, Muhammad Zubair Akram, Abdel‐Rhman Z. Gaafar, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Mai Sayed Fouad · 发表于：Journal of King Saud University - Science · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102940 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Irrigation Practices and Water Management、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism、Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement

Nitrogen (N) is a crucial macronutrient for plants and serves as a significant measure of soil productivity. The leaching of N-nitrate creates significant hazards for human health and ground water quality. Supplemental irrigation applied to various field crops significantly alters crop yield and nitrate (NO3-) leaching within the soil. Determining the influence of various N rates and irrigation levels on yield and NO3- leaching could help to select the optimum combination of irrigation and N. The influence of various irrigation levels and N rates on NO3- leaching, soil physicochemical characteristics and grain yield of wheat crop was investigated. Two irrigation levels, i.e., I1 and I2 (60% and 75% of field capacity) and three N levels, i.e., 105, 130 and 160 kg/ha named as N1, N2 and N3 were included in the study. The irrigation and N levels were optimized in preliminary studies. Data relating to yield-related characteristics of wheat and soil physicochemical properties were recorded. The growth and yield traits of the wheat crop were considerably influenced by varying degrees of irrigation N application. The interactive effect of I2N3 resulted in the highest numbers of tillers m-2 (18.9), 1000-grain weight (40.3 g), and straw (5.87 t ha-1) and grain (4.17 t ha-1) yields. Irrigation significantly affected infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil and soil strength. The bulk density of soil increased, while soil porosity decreased with increasing depth. ...