Dynamics and ecological reassembly of the human gut microbiome and the host metabolome in response to prolonged fasting

作者：Xiaopu Sang, Shenghui Li, Ruochun Guo, Qiulong Yan, Changxi Liu, Yue Zhang, Qingbo Lv, Lili Wu, Jie Ma, Wei You, Ling Feng, Wen Sun · 发表于：Frontiers in Microbiology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265425 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Dietary Effects on Health、Diet and metabolism studies

Introduction: Prolonged fasting is an intervention approach with potential benefits for individuals with obesity or metabolic disorders. Changes in gut microbiota during and after fasting may also have significant effects on the human body. Methods: Here we conducted a 7-days medically supervised water-only fasting for 46 obese volunteers and characterized their gut microbiota based on whole-metagenome sequencing of feces at five timepoints. Results: Substantial changes in the gut microbial diversity and composition were observed during fasting, with rapid restoration after fasting. The ecological pattern of the microbiota was also reassembled during fasting, reflecting the reduced metabolic capacity of diet-derived carbohydrates, while other metabolic abilities such as degradation of glycoproteins, amino acids, lipids, and organic acid metabolism, were enhanced. We identified a group of species that responded significantly to fasting, including 130 fasting-resistant (consisting of a variety of members of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria) and 140 fasting-sensitive bacteria (mainly consisting of Firmicutes members). Functional comparison of the fasting-responded bacteria untangled the associations of taxon-specific functions (e.g., pentose phosphate pathway modules, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and folate biosynthesis) with fasting. Furthermore, we found that the serum and urine metabolomes of individuals were also substantially changed across the fasting proc...