GelMA-based bioactive hydrogel scaffolds with multiple bone defect repair functions: therapeutic strategies and recent advances

作者：Bixia Zhou, Xulei Jiang, Xinxin Zhou, Wuyuan Tan, Hang Luo, Shaorong Lei, Ying Yang · 发表于：Biomaterials Research · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1186/s40824-023-00422-6 · 被引用次数：229 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments

Currently, the clinical treatment of critical bone defects attributed to various causes remains a great challenge, and repairing these defects with synthetic bone substitutes is the most common strategy. In general, tissue engineering materials that mimic the structural, mechanical and biological properties of natural bone have been extensively applied to fill bone defects and promote in situ bone regeneration. Hydrogels with extracellular matrix (ECM)-like properties are common tissue engineering materials, among which methacrylate-based gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are widely used because of their tunable mechanical properties, excellent photocrosslinking capability and good biocompatibility. Owing to their lack of osteogenic activity, however, GelMA hydrogels are combined with other types of materials with osteogenic activities to improve the osteogenic capability of the current composites. There are three main aspects to consider when enhancing the bone regenerative performance of composite materials: osteoconductivity, vascularization and osteoinduction. Bioceramics, bioglass, biomimetic scaffolds, inorganic ions, bionic periosteum, growth factors and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been applied in various combinations to achieve enhanced osteogenic and bone regeneration activities. Three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted scaffolds are a popular research topic in bone tissue engineering (BTE), and printed and customized scaffolds are suitable for restoring large irregular...